'P'O 'FORMATION dFvroMliG CIECIES. 



•There is no way ef getting out of this diflSculty but by maintainiDg, 



as far as possible, as Working Circles the old cantons or working 



' units of the forest, and, still further, by runnitig the boundary lines 



of the Working Oifcle right ' through the -large age-groups, so as to 



distribute them equally between the several Working Circles. The 



effect of this may be to give the Working Circles very naequal 



areas. In this respect, the shorter the rotations are, the easier is 



' the work of forming convenient Working Circles, for then the dif- 



• ference between the youngest -and 'oldest age-groups must naturally 



be slight. It is -desirable to have the age-groups in a Working 



Circle succeed each other in more or less regular order, to admit 



' of the observance of the Rules for laying out coupes. For this 



.purpose the Working Circle ought to be in one piece or, -at the least, 



its different portions ought not to be mixed up with those of another 



Working Circle. In the second pkce, it is expedient that the crops 



' composing any -one age-class should be situated «11 together or, at 



•the outside, form not more than two separate groups. 



The boundaries to choose-for Working Circles should be natural 

 lines such as ridges in hilly country and, to say the least, roads on 

 'level ground-; for it is evident that a Working Circle should form a 

 ■homogeneous whole and a real working-centre. All arbitrary Jiaes 

 cut through the forest would be entirely out of place. 



All foresters agree in admitting that a Working Circle OBgbt to 

 be neither very large nor ^ery small If small, the number of the 

 'Circles in a single forest becomes very large and, as a consequence, 

 the various exploitations become numerous and scattered. The 

 'tesult is complication and disorder, comparatively high general 

 working charges, more extensive injury to the crops adjoining the 

 -coupes, and occasionally extreme risks from the breaking up of the 

 leaf canopy. A forest of silver fir may be ruined by being split 

 up into too many Working Circles. If the Working Circle is larore, it 

 must contain a great many compartments. The result of this is that 

 its organisation becomes more difficulty cost of carriage aad working 

 reaches a high figure owing to the great distance of the dwellings 

 of a large proportion of the labourers employed and of the wood- 

 working factories, and to the over-crowding of some of the export 

 roads ; the produce of the exploitations is liable to be left long en- 

 cumbering the coupe ; and lastly the, coupes being large, rege- 



