FORESTS -WOBKEl) A TlEfi ET AIM. f07 



be made during a necessarily limited time. The whote scneme 

 of work can thereby be taken in at a glance and its control and 

 execution become thereby easy. 



If the necessity of organising high forests is incontestible, it is 

 equally obvious that the Method based on Area supplies the neces' 

 sary starting point for the regularisation and improvement of a 

 forest. If it be asked what we understand by these two words, which 

 express one and the same idea ? The reply is easy. They mean, 

 in the first place, the bringing into a favourable condition or the 

 restoration of the component crops of the forest, chiefly with the 

 aid of time, but also by means of well-conducted operations, such 

 as Cleanings and Thinnings. In the second place, they imply the 

 beneficial results following from certain cultural works, such as the 

 re-stocking of blanks, the re-introduction of the principal speciea 

 which have disappeared, the augmentation of the proportion of the 

 auxiliary species now too rare, &c. Lastly, they signify the replace- 

 ment, by means of natural reproduction, of defective by well-constitu- 

 ted crops. All these various cultural operations merge into one 

 common object, viz., the regularisation of the component crops of 

 the forest — the very highest possible order of improvement we can 

 gffect, acting gradually and with moderation, in each of them. 



Another class of improvement operations, the organisation 

 works properly so called, comprises the arrangement of the exploita- 

 tions according to some fixed order of succession, the creation of a 

 convenient gradation of age-classes, and the collocation of the crops 

 to be regularised in the strictest comformity with the Bules for 

 locating coupes. The exploitations made in a Working Circle 

 require to follow a very simple order ; the Method of Organisation 

 by Area permits of the establishment of this order to the farthest 

 extent that the actual state of the forest can admit of. By 

 means of a proper gradation of ages a sustained yield is assured 

 and a stock of exploitable timber can never at any time fail, both 

 ends being secured by the General Working Scheme. A judicious 

 collocation of the crops favours their growth and permits of their 

 being exploited in successive order : the formation of Blocks, each 

 generally in one piece, guarantees the early attainment of this two- 

 fold object once for all. 



