The Upright System. 55 



spurs should be kept very short, and they should 

 ^e entirely removed every two or three years, as 

 explained in the above discussion of the High Re- 

 newal training. 



The shoots are allowed to take their natural 

 course, being tied to any wire near which they 

 chance to grow, finally lopping over the top wire. 

 Sometimes the canes are bent down and tied hori- 

 zontally to the wires, and this is probably the better 

 practice. Two canes may be tied in each direction 

 on the lower wire, or the two inner canes may be 

 tied down to the second wire. In either case, the 

 vine is essentially like the High Renewal, except 

 that the trunk is shorter. 



19. FAN TRAINING, AFTER PRUNING. 



