72 



taken to see that the straw wisps thoroughly protect each sec- 

 tion, and that the straw packing is sufficient to prevent any 

 movement (Fig. 46). The whole shoul3n)e further secured by 

 cord (Fig. 46). If desired, several crates thus packed might be 

 enclosed in one large crate to be forwarded by rail, In all 

 cases care should be taken not to forward sections by post or 

 rail unless they are firmly attached to the wood on all sides. 



When sections are to be forwarded by rail, a good method of 

 packing is to place them in cardboard 



162. Packing boxes holding one dozen sections, and 

 Sections for then to re-pack these boxes in large boxes 



Forwarding by Rail, or crates. Suitable cardboard boxes for 



holding twelve sections, cost about Is. 6d. 



per dozen. The larger outer cases should be lined with straw. 



Extracted honey may be conveniently forwarded in bulk in tins 

 holding about 56 lbs. (Fig. 47). Such tins, 



163. Packing with lever lids, cost about Is. 6d. each, and 

 Extracted Honey for should be packed in wooden crates or 

 Forwardingby Bail, cases, also costing about Is. 6d. each. 



Extracted honey forwarded in glass jars 

 should be very carefully packed, to provide against breakage. 



XXII.— CHILLED BEOOD AND FOUL BEOOD. 



Chilled brood, that is to say brood which has been killed by cold, 

 may be produced by any cause which results 

 164. Chilled Brood, in the temperature of any portion of the 

 brood nest being too low. It may be there- 

 suit of injudicious brood spreading, want of covering, insufficient 

 nurses, exposing frames of brood to cold winds, especially in 

 the early spring, driving bees off brood frames by the injudicious 

 use of disinfectants under particular frames, adding frames of 

 brood to weak stocks that have not bees enough to cover the 

 brood, or by otherwise exposing the brood nest to cold. 

 Chilled brood may be distinguished from foul brood, in that 

 chilled brood has no appreciable bad odour, and becomes first 

 greyish and then black, whereas foul brood has a markedly 

 disagreeable putrid odour, and becomes first a dirty cream and 

 then a dark brown colour. 



Foul brood, which is caused by a " germ " known to scientists 



as Bacillus Alvei, is by far the worst 



165. Foul Brood, disease to which bees are subject in this 



country. It is extremely infectious, and 



because of the readiness with which it can be transmitted from 



unsound to healthy stocks, it is not only a very destructive, 



but a very troublesome disea,se, so that it behoves bee-keepers 



to exercise the greatest vigilance in order to keep their apiaries 



free from its attack. If a stock becomes affected by foul brood, 



and prompt and effective measures are not taken to check the 



