78 



solution once a fortnight during the season ; otherwise treat in 

 the usual manner. After treating a stock in any of the ways above 

 described, the ground immediately in front of the hive should be 

 dug over and the surface turned down, or it should be disin- 

 fected by saturation with a mixture of one part of carbolic acid 

 to ten parts of water, or some other equally good disinfectant. 

 When manipulating bees affected by foul brood, the operator 

 should wear overalls, which should afterwards be disinfected, 

 and he should be most careful to wash his hands in a disin- 

 fectant solution when the work is finished. 

 To prevent foul brood, place the hive on a dry stand made of 

 concrete, cinders, or flags. Avoid damp or 

 172. Method of closely sheltered sites ; select preferably. 

 Treatment elevated breezy situations. Make sure that 



Recommended for the hive is always weather tight, and that 

 the Prevention of the floor-board and roof are provided with 

 Foul Brood. ventilators. Keep the hive clean ; in spring 

 transfer each stock into a clean hive, and 

 thoroughly clean and disinfect the old hive. Eeject combs that 

 have been used for two seasons. Unite weak stocks (133) ; so 

 far as possible keep only prolific queens (144) ; reject queens 

 over two years old ; introduce young queens from a dif- 

 ferent stock now and then. Place two half balls of naphtha- 

 line on each side of floor-board between the back frame 

 and dummy, and renew the same about every three months. 

 Any bee-keeper who suspects, but is not sure of the existence 

 of foul brood in his hive, may transmit to the Secretary, Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland, 

 Upper Merrion-street, Dublin, a sample of apparently diseased 

 comb for examination and report. The sample should contain 

 at least nine square inches of comb surface ; it should include 

 any cells suspected of containing diseased brood, and be care- 

 fully packed. A good method of packing is to cut out a piece of 

 comb that will fit nicely in a one-pound section, with a sepa- 

 rator on either side ; fix the comb by passing a wire through its 

 centre parallel to the mid-rib, and enclose the whole in another 

 box strong enough to protect the contents from being crushed. 

 A letter giving the sender's name and full postal address should 

 accompany the sample. 



XXIV.— EECIPES. 



When the term " sugar " is used in the following recipes, it is 



to be understood as signifying pure refined 



173. Sugar. cane sugar. Beet sugar is considered by 



many good authorities to be injurious to 



bees, and brown or moist sugars are said to produce dysentery, 



therefore, bee-keepers are advised to use pure refined cane 



sugar only : this will be ensured by using Tarte's No. 1 lump, 



Tate's crystals, or Fairie's crystals. 



To make Soft Candy, use an enamelled iron saucepan or 



pan, into which put one pint of water 



174, Soft Candy, and about six lbs. of sugar, stir over 



a slow fire until the sugar is melted, 



then add one teaspoonful of cream of tartar, and let 



