ABBORVITAE. 23 



Hemlock is generally quite sound but much, of it is claimed to 

 be shaky at the butt. In. all better localities it cuts about three 

 logs per tree, and farther northward about two. Being generally 

 mixed with hardwoods in very variable proportions, the yield 

 of hemlock varies within wide limits. Mature stands of pure 

 growth yield 500 M. feet and over per 40 acres. To cut 200 M. 

 feet requires good hemlock land and generally where large areas 

 are considered, and the hemlock forms 40 to 60 per cent, of the 

 total cut (pine having been removed), yields of 100 to 150 M. 

 feet per 40 acres may be expected. The present supply of hem- 

 lock is generally much underestimated. This is partly due to 

 the fact that large quantities have been kiUed by fire and ex- 

 posure to wind and sun, and partly to market conditions which 

 prevented a proper appreciation of this product. Hemlock waa 

 ordinarily not estimated at aU or only the largest and best trees 

 were considered. According to the best informed persons, 

 there are standing at present nearly 12,000 million feet of hem- 

 lock saw timber, an estimate which, in the opinion of the writer, 

 is still 25 per cent, below the real truth. The distribution of this 

 supply over the several counties is given in the general table, 

 and whatever may be said of the total, the figures are believed 

 fairly to represent the relative proportions. In places hemlock 

 is extensively peeled for its bark; considerable quantities are cut 

 into lumber, chiefly dimension stuff, and some of it is used as 

 pulp wood. In general, however, it is not yet appreciated, so 

 that neither stumpage nor logs can readily be sold and millions 

 of feet are wasting in the woods. The ability of the hemlock 

 to endure crowding and shading is more than offset by its slow 

 growth and its demands on the soil, so that this tree deserves but 

 a secondary place in the forest of the future. 



ARBORVITAE (OEDAR). 



Arborvitse or cedar in "Wisconsin is practically limited to the 

 moister hemlock area, but unlike this latter, contiaues through 

 Douglas county into Minnesota, where it is a common tree 

 throughout the humid forest region. Generally the cedar 



