VALUJB OF LUMBER. 39 



one-third tlie entire value of tte products of agriculture. Be- 

 sides these materials there were large quantities never recorded 

 by the census and still larger amounts were used in home eon- 

 sumption as fuel, fencing, construction material, etc., which 

 may safely be valued at 10 million dollars. 



In 1890, according to the very incomplete federal census of 

 that year, the value of the rough lumber, cooperage, and wagon 

 stock, ties, poles, posts, piling, and all products of the wood in- 

 dustries as they leave the first hand, amounted to 40.4 million 

 dollars. If to this is added the value of pulp and tanning ma- 

 terial, of mining timber, and that of the large home consump- 

 tion, it brings up the total to fuUy 50 million dollars for these 

 products at first hand and shows them, like the census figures of 

 1895 to exceed one-third of the value of all farm products of 

 the state. And to these farm products alone are the simple 

 forest products comparable, for in most other industries the 

 same article often highly finished and costly, appears with little 

 or no modification as a product of several branches of the same 

 industry. Thus for instance, the same piece of costly wrought 

 metal is .first credited to the rolling mill, then appears with lit- 

 tle change as a product of the boiler maker, and reappears with- 

 out change as part of a distilling outfit, or a steam engine. It 

 thus occurs three times as a product of the iron industry, besides 

 perhaps sweUing the output credited to a shipbuilding estab- 

 lishment. 



Besides their own value, the products of the woods stimulate 

 secondary manufacturing industries, supply planing and pulp 

 mills, furniture, cooperage, and wooden-ware establishments, 

 wagon and car shops, whose aggregate output in wooden articles 

 amounts to over 20 million dollars. 



In 1890 there was invested in the saw milling industry alone, 

 according to the census of that year, fuUy 84.5 million dollars, 

 or a sum equal to one-third of the assessed value of all land in 

 the state, or about one-sixth of the value of all real estate and 

 over one-eighth of the assessed value of the entire wealth of 

 Wisconsin. Of the 84 millions over 13 fall to the milling 



