RESTOCKING. 53 



years old cut over 30 M. feet shook boards per acre, and furnish 

 trees 12 to 20 inches in diameter and over 70 feet in height. 

 These New England groves, which have largely sprung up on 

 old abandoned farmlands and are generally without any particu- 

 lar management, are reported to furnish in the aggregate from 

 30 to 50 million feet per year. 



Eed (Norway) pine is even more frugal than white pine and 

 there is no sandy area in northern Wisconsin which this tree can 

 not cover with an abundant growth of fine timber. The jack 

 pine is the most frugal tree of all and though of small stature 

 and short-lived in Wisconsin, will prove a valuable aid in con- 

 nection with the other pines and especially as nurse tree on the 

 poorest sands. 



To encourage the hardwoods will not be necessary except in 

 some localities. Wherever abundant now they are growing 

 well and are likely to be continued in the wood lot of the farmer 

 on all clay and loam soils. It may safely be predicted that the 

 hardwoods in the better hardwood counties will be abundant for 

 many years. The hardwoods do not thrive on; most of the land 

 here considered "forest land," they refuse to grow on the sands, 

 yield light and cut wastefuUy. They furnish a product, which 

 however valuable intrinsically, will for a long time have to be 

 contented with a limited and exacting market. 



To those who are frightened at the mere idea of planting for- 

 ests and who scorn European methods as impracticable in this 

 country, the example of Saxony may be of interest. In that 

 country the most intensive kind of forestry is carried on, so that 

 an area of 400,000 acres (about 2-3 as large as Lincoln county) 

 brings the state a net income of nearly 2 million dollars, and 

 furnishes regularly to its consumers about 20 milKon cubic feet 

 of wood per year, so that pulp miUa and saw mills have long be- 

 come permanent institutions. 



The forests in this state are largely planted with nursery stock, 

 yet the sylvicultural work of planting, sowing, etc., all told, 

 amounts, on an average for the entire woods, to 10 cents per 



