58 FORESTS OF WISCONSIN. 



common. Though the pine has been cut in all parts of this large 

 county, there is still a considerable amount scattered and in isolated 

 bodies which is estimated at about 500 million feet. The hardwoods 

 have been cut into in the southeastern and also in the northwestern 

 part and large tracts have sujBEered heavily from the fires of the large 

 pine slashings following all the streams; the hemlock has been cut 

 but little, but like the hardwoods, has been damaged by fire. The 

 standing hardwood and hemlock yield about 5 M. per acre, the yield 

 in the pure hardwoods of the western part being lighter. About 

 800 million feet of hemlock and about 1,100 million hardwoods are be- 

 lieved to exist in this county. In the hardwoods in the western and 

 also the southeastern woods the oak is predominant, but on the whole 

 forms little over 10 per cent., while basswood and birch form over 

 half the total supply. 



The swamps, extensive only in the northeastern part of the county, 

 have been much run over by fires and are, therefore, very poorly 

 stocked. Large areas of burned-over wastes occur along all the 

 streams. 



Clark. — The greater part is a level loam land area, formerly cov- 

 ered by a forest of hardwoods, mixed with a remarkably heavy stand 

 of large white pine. Hemlock occurs only in the northeastern por- 

 tion. The western and southern part is invaded by the sandy area 

 covering Jackson and Eau Claire counties, and was formerly covered 

 by a pine forest without hardwoods. The pine has nearly all been 

 cut and was sawed at La Crosse and Eau Claire, and only about 20(? 

 million are believed to be still standing. The hardwoods are culled 

 especially for oak and have suffered from fires. The remaining sup- 

 ply is estimated at only about 650 million feet, of which oak is still 

 nearly 30 per cent., the remainder being chiefiy basswood and elm. 

 Clark county has few swamps and these are poorly stocked. 



The greater part of the county today is still covered by culled hard- 

 woods, much of it is settled and only the sandy pinery presents tracts 

 of bare waste many miles in extent. 



Douglas. — The northern one-third of this county is red clay land 

 with pinery in which is found an unusual mixture for this State of 

 pine (chiefly white pine), white and yellow birch, and other hard- 

 woods commonly with more or less cedar and tamarack. South of 

 this and extending south to the St. Croix river and east to the Brule 

 river is a similar forest of pine with a somewhat heavier mixture of 

 hardwoods, heaviest on the range, growing on gray loam land. The 

 southeastern part, south and east of the St. Croix, is a sandy jack 

 pine and Norway pinery with large jack pine woods following the 

 river into Burnett county. The pine has been cut along the lake and 



