CONDITIONS IN COUNTIES. 61 



Langlade. — This county is covered by a continuous mixed forest of 

 hardwoods and hemlock in which pine occurred both scattered and 

 in denser bodies in patches and belts, which unlike those of Mara- 

 thon county, do not always follow the drainage courses. The pine i» 

 practically cut, though the scattered material is still estimated at 

 about 150 million feet. The hardwoods are dense and heavy; their 

 cutting has hardly begun, and fire has injured them but little, nor is 

 it likely to do so in the future. The standing hemlock amounts to 

 about 1,000 million feet, the hardwoods to 1,100 million feet. Birch, 

 basswood, and elm in nearly equal proportions form about 80 per 

 cent, of the hardwood, followed by maple and ash, and a very small 

 quantity of oak. The swamps are generally stocked vnth cedar, 

 tamarack, and some spruce. Larger bare areas occur along the Wolf 

 river, and include in all parts only the pine slashings. 



Lincoln. — A mixed forest of hardwoods, hemlock, and pine covers 

 the clay and loam lands, or about 80 per cent, of this county. A 

 small strip along the Wisconsin river and a broad V shaped tract 

 spreading northward from below the junction of the Tomahawk and 

 Wisconsin rivers are sandy pinery. The pine is generally cut, only 

 about 100 million being dn larger bodies, but there is a great deal of 

 scattered pine which will bring up the total cut to at least 250 million 

 feet. The hardwoods are as yet unculled, have suffered little injury 

 from fire, and with the hemlock vnll cut 6 M. feet per acre of all well 

 stocked land. This means a total cut of about 1,000 million feet of 

 hemlock and an equal amount of hardwoods, in which birch, bass- 

 wood and elm represent about 70 per cent., oak only about 3 to 5 per 

 cent. The swamps are largely stocked with both cedar and tamarack 

 and a little spruce, but many of them have been burned into or were 

 entirely cleaned out. Cut-over, burned, or bare lands exist wherever 

 pine was dense and in the aggregate amount to many thousand acres 

 of the very kind of land least desirable for farming. 



Marathon. — This county was a continuous mixed forest of pine, hard- 

 woods, and hemlock, except the narrow border along the larger 

 streams where pine prevailed. The pine is nearly all cut; the pres- 

 ent stand is estimated at about 200 million feet, much of which is 

 thinly scattered through parts of the mixed forest. The forest o» 

 hardwoods and hemlock has been heavily cut into for more than ten 

 years; it is interrupted by large clearings, but has not been injured 

 much by fire. The standing hemlock is estimated at about 1,500 mil- 

 lion feet, the hardwoods at about the same amount. Of the latter, 

 birch and basswood in nearly equal amounts, form 60 per cent., elm 

 30 per cent., and oak only about 5 per cent. 

 Marathon has little swamp, most pine slashings have been burnt 



