74 FORESTS OF WISCONSIN. 



2. A level sandy pinery area, occupying the northern part of the- 

 county east of K. 5 E., forming a broad V-shaped body, rapidly widen- 

 ing from its apex, below junction of Wisconsin and Tomahawk rivers, 

 and extending into Oneida. 



The soil and subsoil here is a light loamy sand of great depth, me- 

 dium grain, and generally a reddish gray color, anore or less mixed, 

 locally, vrith a fine gravel. This area was densely covered by a forest 

 of white pine, with about 20 per cent. Norway, and, locally, some 

 jack. pine. This is now practically all cut, and repeated fire have 

 cleared the greater part of all forest cover, leaving the ground cov- 

 ered by brake, sweet fern, and bushy scrub oak and poplar, neither 

 of which seems capable to form a tree under these conditions. A 

 number of fire-damaged groves of sapling and smaJl pine interrupt 

 these tracts of barren lands. 



Till. rOEEST GBOWTH. 



A. Timber lands, i. e., from which little or no timber has been 

 taken. 



(o) Originally: Mixed forest, 75 per cent, of area, in which Pine, 

 40 per cent.; hard woods, 30 per cent.; Heonlock, 30 per cent. Pine 

 woods, 14 per cent, of area; swamps, 9 per cent, of area; lakes and 

 rivers, 2 per cent, of area, 

 woods, 14 per cent, of area; swamps, 9 per cent, of area; lakes and 



(6) At present: 



1. Hardwoods: 



Of these, proportion in mixed forest — 



Oak, 3 per cent., nearly all Eed Oak; Elm, 20 per cent., nearly half 

 Eock Elm; Ash, 5 per cent., nearly all Black Ash; Maple, 15 per cent.; 

 Basswood, 25 per cent.; Birch, 30 per cent.; White Birch and Poplar, 

 2 per cent. 



Size and quality vary ynXh. the soil. Maple is very abundant, hurt 

 much is defective. Hickory, Blue Beech, Hop Hornbeam, and Butter- 

 nut occur. 



The standing pine suitable for ordinary logging is placed at about 

 75,000,000 feet. To this must be added large quantities of scattfered 

 material which is being logged, chiefly by farmers, in a small way, 

 and which will swell the total cut easily to 250,000,000 feet B. M. 



2. Mixed conifers, with or without hard woods, 345,000 acres; yield, 

 6,000 feet per acre; Hemlock, 50 per cent.; quality, good; diameter, 

 18 inches; height, 85 feet; hard woods, 50 per cent.; quality, common; 

 diameter, 18 inches; height, 70 feet; Hemlock is good, cuts 2%-3 logs 

 per tree, 10 logs per 1,000 feet; hard woods, short-bodied, 2 logs per 

 tree, 6-8 logs per 1,000 feet; White and Norway Pine mostly cut. 



