26 RELATION OF STRUCTURE TO ANIM'AL JUDGING 



requisites of draft horse attainments. These quahfications 

 are direct exponents of the principal nuclear structure which 

 is the bony framework. 



The speed horse is the direct opposite of the draft animal. 

 Both the bones and muscles are longer, attaining a smaller 

 diameter and therefore a greater manifestation of speed, 

 which is directly associated with qualifications which possess 

 or exhibit reach or extension. The structural development 

 of other types of horses are modifications or combinations , 

 of the two types described. The degree of modification 

 measures their utility, whether they still retain draft or 

 speed qualifications or assume entirely new attainments 

 characteristic of other distinct types of horses. 



Likewise the beef and dairy animal, the fat and bacon 

 hog, and mutton and wool-producing sheep are measured in 

 value by their conformity to type standards which have 

 been determined the most economical for productive pur- 

 poses. The mechanism which, grossly defined, includes the 

 bone and muscle development, determines the value of an 

 animal. This is true, however, only when the more vital 

 functions are working in perfect harmony with these two 

 fundamentals of animal formation. Without proper nerve 

 force or development, circulatory, digestive or reproductive 

 functions, the gross materials which give size, shape, and 

 locomotion would be of no value. 



Gross Structural Material. — The bones and muscles are 

 substantially the foundation upon which all animals are 

 constructed. It is important, therefore, to have a clear 

 conception of the part which these gross structural materials 

 play in giving size and shape to the animal. The ultimate 

 value of a dressed animal, for example, is directly dependent 

 on the amount and quality of edible products obtained. The 

 framework of the horse is equally important, as strength, 

 durability, and longevity are closely associated with the at- 

 tainments in this respect other than the part which they play 

 in the formation of size and shape in the finished animal. 



The muscles of an animal are directly related to the 

 attainments of power, speed, and meat production, but 

 more specifically to the latter. Short, thick muscles char- 



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