FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 101 



Ears. — ^The ears should be medium in size, erect, pointed, 

 and show superior quality by having a fine, clean coat of 

 hair. 



Eyes. — The eyes should be large, bright, clear, and promi- 

 nent. There should be no indication of present or recurring 

 disease. 



Muzzle. — ^The muzzle should be large, broad, deep, and 

 indicate quality. A large, coarse muzzle is not associated 

 with superior quality throughout the animal. The lips 

 should be regular, and the teeth sound, with no indication 

 of alterations having been made. 



Nostrils. — The nostrils should be large and open, which 

 is indicative of a plentiful supply of air in the lungs. 



Neck. — The neck should be proportionate in length, 

 depth, and thickness to the type of the animal. The crest 

 should be well developed, the throat-latch fine, with the 

 neck smoothly joining the shoulders. 



Forehand. — Withers. — The withers should extend high, 

 well back, and should be free from scars or other alterations. 

 Low withers are objectionable. 



Shoulders. — The shoulders should be long, smooth, and 

 sloping. Straight shoulders are usually associated with short, 

 upright pasterns. Both of these conditions are antagonistic 

 to free action and freedom from diseases of the feet. 



Arms. — ^The arms should be well muscled and carry well 

 forward. Such a formation is usually associated with sloping 

 or oblique shoulders. 



Forearms. — ^The forearms should be broad, deep, straight, 

 and muscular. The length should be proportionate to the 

 type of the animal. 



Knees. — The knees should be long, broad, smooth and 

 deep, thus indicating a well-supported animal, and ample 

 space for muscle attachments. 



Canons. — The canons should be short, broad, and flat. 

 The tendons should set well back, which gives squareness of 

 form to the leg and thus added strength. Cut-under canons 

 are very objectionable, showing permanent faultiness in an 

 animal. 



Fetlocks. — ^The fetlocks should be wide, smooth, regular, 

 and strongly supported. 



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