EVOLUTION OF THE BEEF CATTLE INDUSTRY 255 



Standard of Excellence for Galloway Cattle. 



Color. — Black, or black, with a brownish tinge. White markings 

 on feet, ankles or legs, or on any portion of the body above the 

 underline, are very objectionable. 



Head. — Short and wide, forehead broad, crown wide and oval, not 

 rising to a point. Any trace of scurs or horns debar an animal from 

 registration. Face clean, muzzle broad, and nostrils large. 



Eye. — Large and prominent. 



Ear. — Moderate in length and broad, pointing forward and upward, 

 with fringe of long hairs. 



Neck. — Short, clean, and filhng into the shoulder in such a manner 

 as to make the neck and shoulder of fleshy animals appear moulded 

 as one piece. The top of the neck in line with the back in a female, 

 and in a male gradually rising with age. 



Body. — Deep, wide, well rounded, moderate in length and symmetrical. 



Shoulders. — Broad, but well laid into body, joining smoothly; com- 

 pact and deeply fleshed on top. 



Ribs. — Deep and well sprung, crops deeply fleshed, making width of 

 shoulders and body at ribs uniform. 



HooK-BONES. — Not prominent; in fleshy animals not visible. 



Loin. — Moderate in length, wide and deeply fleshed. 



Hindquarters. — Long, wide and well filled. 



Rump. — Straight, wide, carrying width of body out uniformly. Well 

 filled with flesh. 



Thighs. — Broad as viewed from side, thick as viewed behind; straight 

 and well let down at hock, rounded buttocks very objectionable. 



Legs. — Short and clean, with fine bone. 



Tail. — Set on straight and smoothly laid in with flesh at sides. A 

 high tail-head very objectionable. 



Skin. — Mellow and moderate in thickness. 



Hair. — Soft and wavy, with mossy undercoat. Harsh or wiry hair is 

 very objectionable. Curly hair, if soft, is not objectionable. 



Points to be Avoided. 



BY THE late JAMES BIGGAR, DALBEATTIE, SCOTLAND. 



Long, narrow head with light crown. 



Narrow, tapering muzzle. 



Long, drooping ears. 



Small, deep-set eyes. 



Small, Mght neck. 



Light, scraggy breast. 



High, narrow shoulders. 



Flatness behind shoulders. 



Light fore or back ribs. 



Square and prominent hook-bones. 



High or drooping rumps. 



Weak or slack loins. 



Rounded buttocks. 



Fleshy double thighs. 



Big, coarse bones. 



Thick, stiff skin. 



Hard, wiry hair without soft undercoat. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



