EVOLUTION OF THE BEEF CATTLE INDUSTRY 257 



qualities are often referred to as Bates-bred cattle because 

 of the particular attention which this breeder gave to milk- 

 giving characteristics in the breed. Shorthorns possessing the 

 dual purpose functions do not have the beef-producing quali- 

 ties which the specialized beef strains possess; however, they 

 have a beef -producing conformation which is strikingly ex- 

 hibited in the offspring. Although not as early maturing 

 as the popular Scotch type of animals, the correlated func- 

 tions of meat and milk production are very acceptable. In 



Fig. 108. — Dual purpose Shorthorn cow. 



England large numbers of dual purpose Shorthorns are bred 

 because of their significant double-producing functions. 

 Numerous creditable records have been made which indi- 

 cate the possibility of developing Shorthorns in these two 

 capacities. There is probably no other beef breed which 

 will equal the Shorthorn in dairy performance, although 

 these qualities are not equally developed in all animals. In 

 selecting Shorthorns for milk and beef production, special 

 attention should be given to the type and breeding records. 

 The incorporation of Scotch or other blood with specific 

 meat-producing tendencies would of necessity unbalance the 

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