EVOLUTION OF THE BEEF CATTLE INDUSTRY 261 



Points. 



Brought forward . . 2 



Head. — Of medium length, wide between the eyes, sloping gradu- 

 ally from above eyes to poU. The poll well defined and promi- 

 nent, with a sharp dip behind it in center of head. Ears of 

 medium size and well carried. Eyes prominent; face well dished 

 between the eyes. Muzzle wide, with large nostrils . . 6 



Objections: A rounding or flat appearance of the poll. Head 

 too long and narrow. 



Neck. — Of medium length, clean cut, and straight from head to 

 top of shoulder, with inclination to arch when fattened, and 

 may show folds of loose skin underneath when in milldng form 3 



Shoulder. — Of medium thickness and smoothly laid, coming up 

 level with line of back 6 



Objections: Shoulder too prominent, giving the appearance of 

 weakness in heart girth, shoulder protruding above line of back. 



Chest. — Broad and deep, insuring constitution. Brisket promi- 

 nent and coming well forward . . . . . 10 



Back and Ribs. — Back medium long, straight and level from 

 withers to setting on of tail, moderately wide, with spring of 

 ribs starting from the backbone, giving a rounding appearance, 

 with ribs flat and fairly wide apart 14 



Objections: Front ribs too straight, causing depression back of 

 shoulders. Drop in back or loin below the top line. 



Hips. — Wide, rounding over the hooks, and well covered . . 3 



Quarters. — Of good length, full, rounding and level; thighs 

 wide, roomy, and not too meaty 6 



Objections: Prominent hooks and sunken quarters. 



Tail. — -Tail-head strong and setting well forward, long and taper- 

 ing to a full switch 2 



Legs. — Short, straight, squarely placed, medium bone ... 3 



Objections: Hocks crooked; legs placed too close together. 



FoREUDDBR. — FuU and flexible, reaching weU forward, extending 

 down level with hindudder 10 



HiNDUDDER. — FuU and weU up behind 10 



Teats. — Well placed, wide apart, and of reasonably good size 4 



Objections: Lack of development, especially in forward udder. 

 Udder too deep, "bottle-shaped," and teats too close together. 

 Teats unevenly placed and either too large or too small. 



Milk Veins. — Of medium size, full, flexible, extending well for- 

 ward, well retained within the body; mOk wells of medium size 6 



Hide. — Loose, mellow, flexible, inclined to thickness, with a good, 

 full coat of soft hair 5 



Objections: Thin, papery skin or wiry hair. 



Condition. — Healthy, moderate to liberal flesh evenly laid on; 

 glossy coat; animal presented in full bloom . . . .10 



Total ... 100 



Disqualifications . 



Scurs, or any evidence whatever of a horny growth on the head. 

 Any white spots on body above lower line or brush of tail. 



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