BREED CHARACTERISTICS . 301 



Counts. 

 Brought forward . ... . ... 15 



Shoulders. — Slightly lower than the hips; fine and even over 

 tops; moderately broad and full at sides 3 



Chest. — Of moderate depth and lowness; smooth and moderately 

 full in the brisket, full in the foreflanks (or through the heart) . 6 



Crops. — Moderately full ... 2 



Chine.— Straight; strong; broadly developed, with open vertebrae 6 



Barrel. — Long; of wedge shape; well rounded; with a large 

 abdomen, trimly held up (in judging the last item age must be 

 considered) 7 



Loin and Hips. — Broad; level or nearly level between the hook- 

 bones; level and strong laterally; spreading from chine broadly 

 and nearly level; hook-bones fairly prominent 6 



Rump. — Long; high; broad with roomy pelvis; nearly level later- 

 ally; comparatively full above the thurl; carried out .straight 

 to dropping of tail . . 6 



Thurl. — High; broad . . ... .3 



Quarters. — Deep; straight behind; twist filled with development 

 of udder; wide and moderately full at the sides 4 



Flanks. — Deep; comparatively full ... . 2 



Legs. — Comparatively short; clean and nearly straight; wide 

 apart; firmly and squarely set under the body; feet of medium 

 size, round, solid and deep ... ... . 4 



Tail. — Large at the base; the setting well back; tapering finely 

 to switch; the end of the bone reaching to hocks or below; the 

 switch full . , . . . . 2 



Hair and Handling. — Hair healthful in appearance; fine, soft 

 and furry; the skin of medium thickness and loose; mellow under 

 the hand; the secretions oily, abundant and of a rich brown or 

 yellow color 8 



Mammary Veins. — Very large, very crooked (age must be taken 

 into consideration in judging of size and crookedness); entering 

 very large or numerous orifices; double extension; with special 

 developments, such as branches, connections, etc 10 



Udder. — Very capacious; very flexible; quarters even; nearly 

 fUUng the space in the rear below the twist, extending well 

 forward in the front; broad and well held up ..... 12 



Teats. — Well formed; wide apart, plump and of convenient size 2 



Escutcheon. — Largest; finest ... . .... 2 



General Vigor. — ^For deficiency discredit from the total re- 

 ceived not to exceed eight points. 



General Symmetry and Fineness. — For deficiency discredit 

 from the total received not to exceed eight points. 



General Style and Bearing. — For deficiency discredit from the 

 total received not to exceed eight points. 



Credits for Excess op Requirement in Production. — A cow 

 shall be credited one point in excess of what she is otherwise 

 entitled to, for each and every 8 per cent, that her milk or 

 butter record exceeds the minimum requirement. 



In scaling for the Advanced Register, defects caused solely by 

 age, or by accident, or by disease not hereditary, shall not be 

 considered. But in scaling for the show ring, such defects 

 shall be considered and duly discredited. 



Perfgcltion ,., ..,, . .^ ■ .100 



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