A HISTORY OF YORKSHIRE 



poets, the principal fathers of the Church, and, among recent writers, Bede 

 and Aldhelm are mentioned." The fame of the school suffered eclipse by 

 Alcuin's retirement to the court of Charles the Great, but in the annals of 

 English scholarship, Northumbrian Christianity may lay claim to a premature 

 eminence. 



Ethelbert also rebuilt his cathedral church, which was burned down in 

 741.** Eanbald and Alcuin were, under his direction, the architects of the 

 new church, which with its lofty walls, its aisles, its high-pitched roofs, glass 

 windows, and panelled ceilings, and with its thirty altars, rivalled the basilicas of 

 Ripon and Hexham.*" This church stood until the disastrous events of 1069. 

 Ethelbert appointed Eanbald his coadjutor before his death, which took place 

 in 780.*° Eanbald died in 796, and was succeeded by a namesake, a pupil of 

 Alcuin. One or other of these prelates presided over a synod of the 

 Northumbrian church at Pinchanhalch.*^ But the history of their episcopates 

 coincides with the civil dissensions of the Northumbrian kings, and the early 

 invasions of Northumbria by the Northmen."' Of Wulfsige (812) and 

 Wigmund (831) next to nothing is known,*' and the dates of their accessions 

 are merely approximate. In 867, when Wulfhere was archbishop, the 

 Danish army came to York. Wulfhere escaped to Addingham in Wharfe- 

 dale, and subsequently was expelled from his diocese,"" to which, however, he 

 afterwards returned. 



To Ethelbald (895) and to the obscure Rodewald, succeeded Wulf- 

 stan. In 926 Northumbria was united by Athelstan to his kingdom." 

 Wulfstan was appointed archbishop by Athelstan, who in 930 granted the 

 district known as Amounderness, including South Cumberland and North 

 Lancashire, from the Cocker to the Kibble, to the church of York."* 

 Athelstan is also accounted the founder of the liberties of Ripon and 

 Beverley." Wulfstan, in 943, rebelled with Anlaf, the son of Sihtric, against 

 Athelstan's half-brother Eadmund, and held Leicester against him."* In 947, 



" Alcuin, Hist. Ch. Tork (Rolls Ser.), i, 395, 396, 11. 1535-61. 



" Angl.-Sax. Chron. an. 741, mentions the burning of the city. Roger of Hovsden {Chron. [Rolls Ser.], 

 i, 6) notes the burning of the monasterium, giving the date as Sunday, 23 Apr. (second Sunday after Easter). 



" Alcuin, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), i, 394, 11. 1506-19. 



" Angl.-Sax. Chron., Symeon of Durham, and Roger of Hoveden agree in fixing the accession of Eanbald I 

 and the death of Ethelbert in 780 ; Stubbs, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 336, agrees with them ; Dixon 

 and Raine, Fasti Ehcr. 106, incline to 782. 



"A synod here is noticed by Angl. Sax.-Chron. an. 787, and by Roger of Hoveden {Chron. [Rolls 

 Ser.], i, 12). Hoveden (op. cit. i, 16), following Symeon of Durham, notes another synod at ' Pinchanhal' 

 in 798 under the presidency of Eanbald II. The form ' Pinchanhalch ' is that used by Stubbs, Hi//. Ci. York 

 (Rolls Ser.), ii, 336, 337, who places the synod under Eanbald II. Possibly there were two separate councils 

 at this unidentifiable spot. 



" See Angl. Sax.-Chron. an. 793 [795], 798 [800]. 



" Stubbs, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 338, says that ' Wlsius' was archbishop for eleven years, and 



„. ,„ •,,„•- ('^i<^- 383). Hoveden say 



Wulfhere received the pall m 854 (op. cit. i, 36). 



" Angl.-Sax. Chron., Hoveden, and Wendover give accounts of this disaster sub an. 867. Symeon ol 

 Durham says, 'Inter has strages remotius se agebat apud Hatyngham episcopus,' and notes his expulsion a= 

 taking place with that of King Ecgberht ' post septem annos' ; Hist. Ch. York {Rolls Ser.), ii, 255. 

 Angl.-Sax. Chron. an. 926 ; Rog. Wendover (Matt. Paris, Ciron. Mai. [Rolls Ser.l. i, 4.4.7) 



" Hijt. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), iii, 1-5. '■ -■' ' ^^'' 



c s"^^''k"'T^^^V^^'^' ^'"""^ ^""^ ^'°^' ^'''"' ^^'"■- 79> 90; Samtuarium Dunelmense, &c. (Surt. 

 Soc), and Dr. J. T. Fowler, M^w.o///ifC^.c/ /?/><»» (Surt. Soc.),i, 33, 34. 

 " Angl.-Sax. Chron. an. 943. 



