ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



within a week of the news." Under Ealdred, the secular clergy of the church 

 of York, who had probably replaced the monks soon after Oswald's death, 

 were brought under regular discipline. Their services and dress, their short- 

 comings in almsgiving and attention to the needs of the poor, their neglect 

 of the faithful departed, were reformed.''* At York and Southwell he pro- 

 vided a frater for the canons, and founded prebends at Southwell. At Beverley 

 he completed the frater and dorter, built a new presbytery to the church, and 

 covered the whole building westward to Cynesige's tower with a painted 

 ceiling. The church was enriched with a pulpitum of brass, gold, and silver, 

 and a rood of German smith-work." 



William's nominee to the see of York, Thomas, Treasurer of Bayeux, 

 found his diocese a desert. The cathedral, set on fire by the Norman garrison 

 of York, was in ruins. Three canons only remained out of seven. Thomas 

 had to wait six months for consecration, until Lanfranc was appointed to 

 Canterbury. When the time came, Lanfranc required him to make a pro- 

 fession of obedience. Lanfranc had the support of William. A primate 

 with equal rights to those of Canterbury might prove an active abettor of 

 rebellion in the north.*" On the other hand, Thomas could plead the terms 

 of Pope Gregory's famous letter on his own behalf. After some dispute, 

 Thomas contented Lanfranc with a verbal profession.*^ The dispute was 

 renewed at the consecration of Anselm at Canterbury in 1093. Thomas 

 refused to consecrate until the words primatem totius Britanniae were left out 

 of Anselm's petition.*^ A further source of controversy with Anselm was the 

 consecration of Robert Bloett to the see of Lincoln. Thomas claimed Lindsey 

 as part of his diocese ; *' and he had laid his interdict on the consecration of 

 Lincoln Cathedral. Eventually he accepted an agreement under some com- 

 pulsion ; but the claim to Lindsey was agitated at intervals for some time 

 afterwards.** Another result of the quarrel with Canterbury was the loss by 

 Thomas of the possessions which Ealdred had retained in the diocese of 

 Worcester ; *' while, on the other hand, his agreement about Lincoln gave 

 him the priory church of St. Oswald at Gloucester.*' 



" Stubbs, op. cit. ii, 349, 350, Hoveden, Flor. Worcester. All agree with Angl.-Sax. Chron. in the date 

 of his death as 1 1 Sept; The Danish landing had taken place before 8 Sept. 



" Folcard, pref. to ' Vita S. Johannis,' which is dedicated to Ealdred, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.),. 

 i, 141. 



" The description is in Stubbs, Hist. Ch. York (RoUs Ser.), ii, 353, 364. It recalls Bishop Bern ward's 

 nearly contemporary work at Hildesheim. 



™ The chief authority for the history of the controversy from Thomas I to Turstin is Hugh, precentor 

 of York, whose narrative is printed in Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 98 seq. 



" Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, loi. Lanfranc and Thomas went together to Rome to receive 

 the pall from Alexander II in 1071 ; Ordericus Vitalis, Hist. Eccl. v, 2. For an account of their visit, and 

 their controversy there, see Dixon and Raine, Fasti Ebor. 148, 149 



«' Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 104, 105. 



^ Ibid. 105, 106. Stow, Louth, and Newark were claimed by the archbishops as 'propriae Sancti Petri 

 Eboracensis.' 



" The church of Newark, which belonged to the Bishops of Lincoln, and was granted by them to the 

 Gilbertine priory of St. Katharine, was a fertile source of dispute. See R. E. G. Cole, ' The Priory of 

 St. Katharine without Lincoln,' in Assoc. Archit. Soc. Rep. xxvii, 264 seq. The ordination of the vicarage of 

 Newark, consequent on a serious dispute between two claimants, was made by Abp. Kemp at Southwell, 

 30 Sept. 1428 ; York Epis. Reg. Kemp, fol. 37. 



*' Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 108. The matter was settled at a synod held at ' Pedred' in 

 1070, according to Flor. Worcester and Hoveden, but probably rather later. Wulfstan had appealed for restitu- 

 tion on the death of Ealdred. 



^ See grant by William II ; Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), iii, 21 (York Epis. Reg. Greenfield, fol. 45). 

 Selby Abbey was also granted to Thomas as part of the compensation for Lindsey. 



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