ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



Henry I before Paschal II." Having secured his pall, he came home with 

 a somewhat inaccurate report of the pope's goodwill to the king.'" At the 

 Council of Westminster (1102) he behaved intemperately to Anselm," but 

 in attempting to consecrate the royal nominees whom Anselm had refused to 

 recognize he was foiled by their scruples.'* 



The arbitrary conduct of Henry helped on a reconciliation between the 

 two archbishops. At the Council of London (i 107) Gerard professed verbal 

 obedience to Anselm, and took part with him in the consecration at Canter- 

 bury of the bishops who had scrupled to receive consecration from himself.^' 

 A letter attributed to Gerard asks Anselm for advice in dealing with the 

 canons of York, who in spite of the decisions of 1107 kept their wives. 

 Some were non-resident ; others refused to profess obedience. Gerard 

 himself, in former days, had sold the reversion of a prebend to the holder's son. 

 When he offered to restore the price, the purchaser would not take it ; he 

 now begs Anselm to annul the sale.*" Although Gerard here affects to 

 regard monasticism as ' the happy state of the primitive church,' he increased 

 the possessions of the canons over whose shortcomings he thus mourned. He 

 founded the prebend of Laughton-en-le-Morthen, and gave them the churches 

 of Aldborough (near Boroughbridge), Driffield, Kilham, Pickering, and 

 Pocklington. To Selby Abbey he gave the church and soke of Snaith." He 

 died at Southwell in May 1108.*^ 



The dispute with Canterbury was renewed on the election of Thomas, 

 provost of Beverley, to the archbishopric. Thomas II was a nephew of 

 Thomas I, and his nomination apparently was urged by the chapter of 

 York.*' As archbishop-elect he joined with Anselm in promulgating the 

 decrees of 11 07 against marriage of the clergy." His chapter nevertheless 

 encouraged him vehemently to refuse obedience to Canterbury,*^ but the 

 king, after the death of Anselm, ceased to support the cause of York ; and 

 Cardinal Ulric, the papal legate, sent from Rome with the pall, declined to 

 advise the chapter." Thomas eventually submitted, because, so his supporters 

 stated, he was too fat to bear hardships and the strain of conflict.*^ He was 



" Hugh, Hist. Ch. fork (Rolls Ser.), ii, no, says that at Rome 'in pluribus causarum actionibus scientia 

 et facundia ejus laudata et approbata.' 



'° Church, St. Anselm, 308, 309. The testimony of Eadmer, on which Church's account is founded, 

 was doubtless biased against the York version of the story ; but its outlines are probably correct. 



" Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, no. '' Hoveden, Chron. (Rolls Ser.), i, 161. 



" Flor. Worcester, Chron. an. 1 1 07; Hoveden, op. cit. i, 164. Hugh does not mention Gerard's 

 profession : Stubbs, Hist. Ch. Terk (Rolls Ser.), ii, 365, 366, chose to disbelieve in it. Both Flor. and 

 Hoveden call Gerard Anselm's suffragan. The actual character of the profession was a compromise : see 

 Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), iii, 14, 15. 



*° Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), iii, 23 seq. Some wrongdoers who called forth special complaints were 

 those ' qui archidiaconi infra diaconi ordinem sunt constituti.' 



" Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, in. The royal grants by which Gerard obtained these 

 churches are printed ibid, iii, 29 seq. 



" Stubbs, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 366. For circumstances connected with the death and 

 burial see fa;// £^«r. 162, 163. 



" Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, in, 112. Henry I was about to promote him to the see of 

 London, when the canons asked for his consecration to York. The later unpopularity of Gerard with his 

 chapter, owing doubtless to his submission to Anselm and his intended reforms, is implied by Hugh in the 

 brevity with which he treats Gerard, and the language in which he greets Thomas. 



" Flor. Worcester, sub anno ; Hoveden, Chren. (Rolls Ser.), i, 165. 



" Hugh gives the text of their letter to him on the point. Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 112 seq. 

 They found praise for Gerard's conduct in 1 102 (ibid, ii, 114) ; ' Respice ad Girardum archiepiscopum ! hoc 

 probe, hoc viriliter, hoc egit egregie ! ' 



*• Hugh, ibid, ii, 122, 123. " Ibid, ii, 124. 



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