ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



Archbishop of Canterbury refused." Turstin was recalled to England in 

 1 121, after his mediation had averted a war between England and France/" 

 An immense crowd witnessed his re-enthronement at York with enthusiasm. 

 His popularity was increased by his remission of the annual chrism-money, 

 dd. from parish churches, \d. from chapels, and of fees for sacraments." 

 His troubles began anew with the death of Ralph and the succession 

 of WilHam of Corbeuil to the throne of Canterbury.*' Visits to Rome 

 were made in 1123 and 1 125 by both archbishops ; and the favour shown 

 there to Turstin did not improve his position at home." The king attempted 

 to arrange a compromise, by which, in return for a profession, verbal on 

 Turstin's part, but absolute on that of his successors, the sees of Bangor, 

 Chester, and St. Asaph were to pass to the province of York.™ 

 Archbishop William took advantage of a vagueness in wording ; and 

 Turstin would make no profession." He was present at the council held at 

 Westminster by John of Crema, the cardinal-legate (1125).''^ But at 

 Christmas 1126 he was not allowed to place the crown on the king at 

 Windsor, and his cross-bearer was thrust out of the chapel.'^ About 1 1 27 

 the king's sympathies apparently veered towards Turstin,'* and further records 

 of the dispute are wanting. 



Turstin also engaged in a controversy as to the metropolitical claims of 

 York over the Scottish bishoprics. The English suffragans of York were 

 the Bishop of Durham, and, after 1 133, the Bishop of Carlisle.''^ There was 

 no doubt about the suffragan position of the Bishop of Whithorn : Galloway 

 had formed part of the Northumbrian kingdom, and the see was of 

 Northumbrian foundation.''" On its revival (i 125), its Scottish incumbent 

 looked to Turstin for consecration," and made his profession to him.'* The 

 connexion of Galloway with York lasted in name until the creation of the 

 archbishopric of St. Andrews in 1472." Norwegian kings recognized the 

 Archbishop of York from time to time as metropolitan of Man and perhaps 



" Calixtus also issued a bull (in Hist. Ch. Tork [Rolls Ser.], iii, 41 seq.) confirming the churches of 

 Hexham, Beverley, Ripon, Southwell, and St. Oswald at Gloucester to the see of York. 



"Hugh, Hist. Ch. Tork (Rolls Ser.), ii, 188, 190, 191. Turstin's mediation was exercised by 

 Michaelmas, 1 120. His recall seems to have been hastened by Henry's grief at the loss of the White Ship ; 

 he crossed from Normandy at the end of January 1 1 20-1. 



" Ibid. 191, 192. 



" Ibid. 199, 200 ; William was consecrated by his own suffragans, 'Eboracensi ecclesiae injuria irrogata.' 

 Turstin offered to consecrate William at Canterbury, but the offer was refused. 



'' Hugh tells the story of the two visits at length (ibid. 201-16). 



" Ibid. 211. St. Asaph is described as 'tertium inter hos duos medium sed pro vastitate et barbaric 

 episcopo vacantem.' 



" Ibid. 213, 214. The vagueness of wording lay in the description of St. Asaph mentioned above ; 'sed 

 Willelmus episcopus de tertio episcopatu sine nomine nee mentionem se audisse constanter negavit.' 



" Flor. Worcester, Chron. an. 1 125. 



" Ibid. an. 1126 ; Rog. Wendover (Matt. Paris, Chron. Maj. [Rolls Ser.], ii, 153). 

 • "Hugh, Hi/A CA ror/J (Rolls Ser.), ii, 218. 



" See letter of Innocent II to Stephen {Hist. Ch. Tork [Rolls Ser.], iii, 60, 61), from which it appears that 

 the formalities for the erection of the see of Carlisle were not completed till 11 36. About 1 130 Innocent 

 wrote to Turstin, giving him power to make ' novas parochias ' in his province, ' indempnitate matris ecclesiae 

 conservata.' " Bede, Hist. Eccl. v, 23. 



" Honorius II, to elect of Candida Casa, 5 id. Dec. (i 125) {fiist. Ch. Tork [Rolls Ser.], iii, 48, 49). 



" Ibid, iii, 60. 



" The valuable documents relating to the election of Gilbert of Melrose as Bishop of Whithorn in 

 1235 by the canons of the Premonstratensian cathedral priory are to be found in Raine, Hist. Ch. Tork (Rolls 

 Ser.), iii, 144 seq, A series of documents, indicative of the declining authority of York over Whithorn, are 

 printed from Reg. Melton in Letters from 'Northern Re^sters (Rolls Ser.), 287-9, 33S~9> 374) 375- 



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