A HISTORY OF YORKSHIRE 



of Orkney.'" Man was closely connected with Furncss Abbey ; " and even 

 after its bishop was a suffragan of Trondhjem it was more convenient for him 

 to seek consecration at York.*' Thomas I and Gerard consecrated bishops 

 of Orkney.^ But the second of these, at any rate, was not recognized in his 

 diocese ; ^ and Ralph, whom Turstin consecrated, was a wanderer in France 

 and the north of England. He assisted at the consecration of Turstin," and 

 took the place of the archbishop at the battle of the Standard." From 1 1 54, 

 when Orkney became a suffragan see of Trondhjem, we hear no more of the 

 claim of York. Thomas I was said to have consecrated a bishop of 

 St. Andrews." Thomas II consecrated bishops of St. Andrews and Glasgow, 

 and sent chrism and holy oil to Glasgow by one of his clerks.'' After 

 Turstin's consecration, Calixtus II forbade the irregular consecration of 

 Scottish bishops, and insisted on their obedience to their metropolitan." In 

 1 122 John, Bishop of Glasgow, obstinately refused his profession to Turstin.'" 

 Three successive popes commanded his obedience without effect." The 

 Scottish bishops were encouraged in independence by their kings," and 

 the petition of Alexander I for the consecration of the Bishop of St. Andrews 

 by Canterbury complicated the dispute. Turstin consecrated the bishop in 

 1 128, but forbore, at the request of David I, to require his profession." This 

 act weakened the bond between York and Scotland. Nearly half a century 

 later, William the Lion, when forced to make peace with Henry II, 

 acknowledged the supremacy of the English Church."* But in 1188, 

 Clement III, deciding between two claimants to St. Andrews, recognized the 

 independence of the Scottish bishops." The claims of York were never 

 seriously advanced again; although Henry VIII in 1541 asked Archbishop 

 Lee to examine into the claim of his Church over Scotland in connexion with 

 his own claim to the Scottish crown." Turstin maintained that the King of 

 Scots was the English king's man." Although illness prevented him from 



" See letters of Olaf ' rex Insularum ' to Turstin and the chapter of York relative to the bishop-elect of 

 the Isles {Hiit. Ch. fori [Rolls Sen], iii, 58 seq.)- The attitude of the kings towards the rights of York over 

 Orkney is more equivocal. Calixtus II in 1 1 1 9 orders the Kings of Norway to receive a bishop [Ralph] 

 consecrated at York (ibid. 39) ; and Honorius II in 1 125 complains to King Sigurd of an intruder in the 

 see who probably was supported by the king. 



" Sec letters of Olaf mentioned above : the Abbot of Furness was the apostle of Man, and the right of 

 electing the bishop was a privilege of the monastery (see letter of Innocent IV to Archbishop Gray, 1 5 Feb. 

 1243-4, ibid. 157, 158). 



" Letter of Innocent IV, ibid. 1 58. The relation of the see of Man to its metropolitans is discussed by 

 Hill, Hist. Engl. Dioceses, 334 seq. 



" Stubbs, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 363, 367. 



" This may be inferred from the fact that William, a Norwegian bishop, was consecrated to the see of 

 the Orkneys about I 102. See Geoffry Hill, Hist. Engl. Dioceses, 331. 



" Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 164, 166. 



^ His speech to the English forces is given at length by Henry of Huntingdon, Hist. Angl. lib. viii, 

 followed more briefly by Hoveden and Wendover. 



" See notes 88, 89, p. 10. 



™ The consecrations of Turgot, Prior of Durham, to St. Andrews, and of Michael to Glasgow, are 

 mentioned by Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (RoUs Ser.), ii, 126, 127. See also ibid, iii, 37. 



'' Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), iii, 40, 41. m ibid. 44-47. 



" Calixtus II, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), iii, 47 ; Honorius II (ibid. 49, 50) ; Innocent II (ibii. 61, 62). 

 The attitude of David I is gauged by a letter of Innocent II to Turstin, about 11 35 (ibid. 63, 64) : 

 ' super oppressionibus atque molestiis tibi et Eboracensi ecclesiae, prout accepimus, a rege Scotiae et Johanne 

 Glesguensi episcopo irrogatis, affectione patema compatimur.' 



=» Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Sen), iii, 51, 52. 



" Ibid. 83, 84. 



" The text of the bull is given by Hoveden, Chron. (Rolls Sen), ii, 347 seq. 



" L. and P. Hen. Fill, xvii, 898. " Hugh, Hist. Ch. York (Rolls Ser.), ii, 215. 



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