144 NATURE STUDY AND AGRICULTURE 



teresting. It was imported in some way, no one knows 

 how, from Europe to Northeastern Canada, in i860. In 

 about twenty years it had spread over the eastern half of 

 the continent. In five more years it was found as far west 

 as Denver. It is now found wherever cabbage is grown, 

 from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. 



THE GRAPE.— Seventh Grade 



General Problems. — What do we need to know about 

 grapes and their culture in order to produce a good crop of 

 fruit? 



The work should begin in the fall with the making of 

 cuttings. If the class has not already made a detailed 

 study of soft-wood cuttings, then as a preliminary lesson 

 soft-wood cuttings should be made with a study of the 

 callus, rooting, and transplanting. 



Grape cuttings are made late in the fall or early winter 

 when the leaves have fallen off, and the plant has ceased 

 work for the winter. Cuttings made from hard wood at 

 this season are called dormant cuttings. Will you want 

 old wood or new for the cuttings ? They should be made 

 from this season's growth. Measure some of the stems to 

 determine the length of growth in one season. Do these 

 stems vary in thickness? 



How many buds on one stem? How arranged? 

 Remove from the vine a number of branches. Make a 

 slanting cut through the joint or node where a bud is at- 

 tached. To do this place the knife on the side of the stem 

 opposite the bud and on a level with the top of it. Now 

 cut slanting downward and the knife will come out just 



