which even the nearest allied species differ from man are the conspicuously 

 longer fore-arms, the long flexible toes, and the thumb on the hind-feet. 

 The pelvis is narrow and does not assist the equilibrium in the erect 

 position, and when they stand erect they cannot do so on the soles of their 

 feet, but rest on the outer edge of the foot. In the young of some, the 

 form of the skull approaches that of man, but with age it differs much, 

 the jaws lengthening. The skeleton generally may be said to deviate from 

 man towards some of the larger carnivora. The mass of the brain is 

 smaller comparatively than in man, usually broader than long, and the 

 central convolutions are less numerous and deep, the corpus caUosum of 

 less extent, and the nerves thicker in proportion to the size of the brain.* 



The intestines of monkeys generally are simUar to those of man. The 

 penis is free and pendent, and they possess vesicular prostrate glands. 

 The mammee are pectoral. The uterus is simple, and they menstruate. 

 The placenta is usually discoid, sometimes double. 



As a general rule monkeys are herbivorous, but some Kve on a mixed 

 diet. Most live in societies, and they are chiefly arboreal in habit. They 

 seldom give birth to more than two young at a time, frequently only one ; 

 and they carry their young about with them. The liberty of their arms 

 and the make of their hands permit many actions and gestures similar to 

 those of man. Many are capable of domestication, and their intelligence 

 and docility are familiar to all. 



The monkeys of the old world may be divided into 1st, Apes, without 

 a tail, to which division belong the Orangs and Gibbons ; 2nd, Monkeys 

 properly, so called ; and 3rd, Baboons. 



The Apes, sub-fam. Simians comprise the Chimpanzee, Troglodytes 

 niger ; the Gorilla, T. Gorilla ; and perhaps a third species, all from 

 Africa ; and the Orangs, Simia Satyrus and S. Mario, from Borneo and 

 Sumatra. 



The Gibbons are separated by some as a sub-family, Hylobatin^. They 

 are peculiar to the Indo-Chinese countries and Malayana. One of the best 

 known is Hylohates hoolooh, found in the forests and hill ranges of 

 Assam, Sylhet, Cachar, &c., whose extraordinary bowlings I have heard 

 in the Khasia hills and in Cachar ; Hylobates lar occurs in Tenasserim, 

 and H. agilis in the Malayan peninsula, and there are several other 



• 0wen*8 separation of man froni the monkeys, ander the title of Areheiicephalat founded on the 

 supposed greater extent of the hemispheres posteriorly, and some other points, is opposed by Huxley 

 and others. 



