68 CAENITOBA, 



coecum in some, but totally wanting in others. The liver is usually deeply 

 ; lobed, especially in the Cat-tribe. The cerebellum is almost wholly un- 

 covered, but the optic thalami are concealed. The organ of hearing is 

 well developed, and the organ of smell extensive ; the upper and lower 

 turbinated bones being complicated, and covered by pituitary membrane. 

 The tongue of the Cat and Civet tribe is rough, with homy papillie. 

 There is a scrotum in some ; the penis is sheathed and turned backwards 

 in some ; it contains a bono in most (except the Hyaenas), and in many 

 the female clitoris also has one. The uterus is two-homed. The teats are 

 abdominal, and vary from four to ten in number. 



Many possess peculiar organs, secreting an odorous or fetid substanccj 

 in some round the anus ; in others, between the anus and the tail ; in a few 

 between the anus and the genital organs. 



In the most active of the order, the bones of the hands and feet are so 

 connected with those above them, as to form a continuous line with them, 

 and the animal rests upon the points of the toes ; these are called Digitigrade. 

 In others, a portion of the sole of the hind feet is applied to the ground in 

 walking, hence called Semi-plantigrade : whilst in others, the hands and 

 feet are so united with the bones above them that the animal bears upon 

 its palms and soles, and are hence called Plantigrade. Certain aquatic 

 species (the Seals) have all the feet short, and expanded into broad 

 webbed paddles. These are called Pinnigrade; and they approach the 

 Bears in various parts of their anatomy. 



In conformity with these distinctions the Carnivora are here divided into 

 the tribes Plantigrada, Suh-plantigrada, Digitigrada, and Pinnigrada. 



Tribe, Plaotigraba. 



Wallc on the whole sole of the foot. Five toes to each foot. No coecum. 



Most are nocturnal in their habits and of slow action ; and those which 

 inhabit cold countries hybemate. This tribe comprises the family of the 

 Bears. Cuvier remarks, that in the absence of the coecum, their slow 

 and nocturnal habits, &c., they resemble Insectivora, which they likewise 

 do in their plantigrade motion. 



Fam. Ursid^. 



Incisors normally --r ; canines - — -; prsemolars - — ^ ; molars ^ — ^. 

 Two tuberculatcd teeth on each side in the upper jaw ; one or two in the 



