248 CEETIDJE. 



The Llamas of South America have their toes divided, are of smaller 

 size, and lighter make, than camels. There are two wild species, Auchenia 

 . llama and A. vicunna; and two domestic races, the llama and alpaca, the 

 latter with long woolly hair. 



The other families of ruminants constitute the Pecora of BIyth and 

 others. They comprise the Camelopardidce, Cervidcs, MoscJiidce and 

 BovidcB. The Giraffe, Camelopardus giraffa, L., is the only species of the 

 Camelo pardidce. It is a native of Africa, with the dentition of deer, but 

 with permanent short horns in both sexes, covered with a hairy skin, and 

 without any accessory hoofs. The neck is immensely long, its fore-legs are 

 disproportionately long, and it has a moderately long tail, ending in a tuft 

 of long black hair. 



Fam. CERViDiE, the Deer tribe. 



Elaphii, Van der Hoeven ; Cervina, Gray. Horns usually in the males 

 only, deciduous; incisors —^ apparently ; canines present occasionally 



in the upper jaw. 



Deer are remarkable for their fine horns, or osseous prominences, which 

 are shed and renewed annually, more or less cotemporaneously with the 

 renewal of the hair, and are called antlers. In the rein-deer alone of all 

 the family the females possess horns normally, though very rarely old and 

 barren females of other species have been kpown to assimie them. 



The feet touch the ground only at the extremity of the two principal 

 toes, and there are usually two rudimentary toes with small hoofs at the 

 back of the foot. The end of the muzzle is bare in almost all deer, and is 

 sometimes called the muffle. Eye pits, or so called lachrymal sinuses, are 

 constantly present, but inguinal or groin-pits are vague or wanting. There 

 are one or two glands, covered with a small tuft of hair, on the hind leg 

 (metatarsus), the presence of which, in some cases at least, furnishes a 

 good character to distinguish females of this family from hornless female 

 antelope; and there are feet-pits also, either in all four feet, or only 

 in the hind-feet. The female has four teats, and the gall-bladder is 

 absent. 



The metacarpus and metatarsus have each two " splint bones," attach- 

 ed to which are two small digits, each consisting of three phalangeal 

 bones. 



When the horns first appear they are covered with a hairy skin, com- 



