B. 



piciD^ 125 



5'. Difference between the primaries and 

 secondaries almost equal to the length 

 of the culmen ; habits arboreal ; shafts 



of tail-feathers bright yellow Campothera, p. 128. 



h. Outer anterior toe shorter than the outer 

 posterior toe. 

 a'. Bill shorter than the head, plumage spotted 



and barred Dendropicus, p.'lSS. 



6'. BUI longer than the head. 



a?. Plumage spotted and barred, yellow 



shafts to tail-feathers Thripias, p 137. 



V. Plumage not spotted or barred (in 

 South African species) ; shafts of tail- 

 feathers brown or black Mesopicus, p. 139. 



Tail-feathers soft and rounded, not spiny ; 

 plumage speckled grey lynx, p. 142. 



Fig. 41.— Tail of Campothera smithi. x 



Subfamily I. PIClNiE. 



Tail-feathers with very stout and stiff shafts ending in stiff points, 

 used as a support when climbing tree trunks and hammering the 

 bark for insects. 



