MEDUSA. 3 
The collection made by the ‘Southern Cross’ in 1899-1900 came from the 
neighbourhood of Cape Adare (lat. 70° 18’ 8, long. 170° 9’ E.). Some of the 
specimens were collected during May, 1899, and others during November and 
December, 1899, and January, 1900. The surface temperature of the sea on the 
10th May, 1899, was 27° F., on the 13th Sept., 28°6° F., and during the summer 
months—December, January and February—it rarely rose above 32° F. During the 
winter months the temperature of the sea under the ice remained constant at 27'8° F. 
Most of the specimens were taken in tow-nets or dredges in shallow, open water 
not far from shore, and a few were picked up after having been washed ashore. 
Unfortunately, the specimens were not sufficiently preserved, and were badly stored in 
bottles or tins; consequently they nearly all arrived home macerated and damaged. 
It was, undoubtedly, a stroke of good luck that two out of three of the species peculiar 
to the ‘Southern Cross’ collection happened to be in good condition. 
A preliminary account of the Hydrozoa of the ‘Southern Cross’ Expedition was 
published by me in 1902. It was based upon a rapid survey of the collection, and 
abstracted from a manuscript written for the benefit of Mr. Hodgson, who was then 
about to sail in the ‘ Discovery.’ The preliminary account carries no priority, as none 
of the species were named. 
The ‘ Discovery’ collection was made under conditions totally different from those 
of the ‘Southern Cross’ collection. Nearly all the specimens were captured in nets 
which were let down through holes in the ice. Owing to the low air temperatures the 
plankton on being placed in the collecting bottles froze in winter at once, and had to 
be thawed out on board ship. In summer the water in the bottles was generally full 
of ice crystals which, with the jolting of the sledge as it travelled shipwards, cut the 
more delicate animals to pieces (Hodgson, 1907). When Medusz are collected under 
such severe conditions one must not be surprised at seeing damaged specimens. 
The ‘ Discovery’ was held fast in the ice for two years (March, 1902, to February, 
1904) in McMurdo Sound (lat. 78° 49’ S., long. 166° 20’ E.). This sound is between 
the mainland of South Victoria Land and Ross Island, upon which the volcanoes 
Erebus and Terror are situated. The sound is converted into a bay at the southern 
end by Ross’s Great Ice Barrier. At the barrier end the sound is over 400 fms. deep, 
but over the area covered by Mr. Hodgson’s collecting the water is from 5 fms. to 
180 fms. deep. Beneath the ice a current flowed through the sound in a south-easterly 
direction. The temperature of the sea beneath the ice ranged from 28°4° F. in winter 
to 30° F. in summer. 
VOL. Vs U 
