MEDUSZ. 49 
size has eight groups of tentacles, each group with one long tentacle and four to six 
minute tentacles or tentacular buds. (Browne, ‘Scotia’ Report, p. 244.) I regret 
that I cannot follow Maas in using the name Couthouyia instead of Desmonema. The 
latter seems to me to be the correct name to use, and Vanhoffen is also of 
this opinion. 
I believe that Desmonema chierchianum (Vanhéffen) and Desmonema gaudichaudi 
(Maas) are two distinct species belonging to the same genus, and I shall also endeavour 
to show that the Desmonema taken at the ‘Gauss’ Winter Station is not Desmonema 
chierchianum, but Desmonema gaudichaudi (Maas). Before the name Desmonema 
gaudichaudi can be definitely established for the Antarctic species, the Medusa must 
be found in the Magellanic area, but I have decided to use the name in this report in 
preference to introducing a new specific name. Up to the present the records show 
that Desmonema gaudichaudi (Maas) is an Antarctic species occurring south of 
latitude 60°; whereas Desmonema chierchianum is a sub-Antarctic species occurring 
north of latitude 60°. 
Desmonema gaudichaudi can easily be distinguished from Desmonema chierchianum 
by the thickness and number of the tentacles. The former has up to about seven 
tentacles in each group, and these tentacles become very thick, 5 mm. or more in 
diameter. The latter species, Desmonema chierchianum, has a very large number of 
tentacles, up to sixty in each group, and they are thin and slender, about 2 mm. in 
diameter. The difference in the number and size of the tentacles is not due to age 
(Plate V., figs. 1 and 2). 
DESMONEMA GAUDICHAUDI 
(Plate V., fig. 1.) 
Couthouyia gaudichaudi, Maas, 1908, p. 3, PJ. I. (‘ Frangais’ Exped.). 
Desmonema chierchiana, Vanhiffen, 1908 (partim), p. 44, fig. 9, Taf. X., fig. 3, and text relating to 
specimens taken off the Antarctic continent, ‘ Gauss’ Winter Station. 
The ‘ Southern Cross’ collection contains three specimens which were taken near 
the surface of the sea at Cape Adare on 27th December, 1899, and 15th and 17th 
January, 1900. It is not possible to give a complete description, as the specimens 
arrived in bad condition. 
Specimen A.—The diameter of the umbrella, measured to the periphery of the 
circular muscles, is about 150 mm. There are eight groups of tentacles, each containing 
two large tentacles, and four of the groups have an additional small tentacle. The 
gonads are very much flattened out, and in this condition measured 25 mm. in length 
and 50 mm. in width. The genital openings are about 35 mm. in length and the 
spaces between, forming the pillars of the oral arms, are 6 to 10 mm. in width. 
Specimen B.—The diameter of the umbrella measured to the periphery of the 
‘circular muscles is about 160 mm. The number of tentacles in each of the eight 
