OTHER SYSTEMS. 



303 



feeding period, and also during the period of egg laying ; this secretion 

 was formerly termed " royal jelly." In addition to this pair of glands, 

 there are in the worker three other gland systems. Of these, the second 



and third pairs have a common 

 central outlet on the mentum, and 

 secrete the saliva which is plen- 

 tifully mixed with the nectar dur- 

 ing suction. The fourth pair is 

 small, and the ducts open just 

 within the mandible. The last 

 three pairs of glands are found 

 also in drone and queen. 



The method of feeding in 

 the bee differs considerably 

 in the three types. In the 

 worker, the honey sucked up 

 from flowers is mixed with 

 saHva, passes down the gul- 

 let into the crop, thence by 

 the opening of the "stomach 

 mouth " it may reach the 

 true stomach and so be di- 

 j-n.t gested, or may be carried in 

 the crop to the hive and 

 there emptied into the cells 

 by regurgitation. The pol- 

 len, which is frequently mixed 

 with the honey, is separated 

 from the latter by means of 

 the stomach mouth, and is 

 digested. Before impregna- 

 tion, the queen, like the 

 worker, feeds on pollen and 

 honey; after it, she is always 

 fed by the attendant workers. 

 The drones, like the young 



Fig. 99. — Food canal of Bee. 

 part after CHESHIRE.) 



vtXj Maxilla ; a, antenna ; e, eye 

 salivary glands ; <r, cesophagus ; 

 honey sac ; s, stopper ; c.s, chylific 

 stomach ; m.t^ inalpighian tubules : s.i, 

 small intestine ; Li, large intestine ; st, 

 sting. 



(In 





workers, avail themselves of the general food supply of the 

 colony, and do not themselves collect honey. 



Other Systems. 



The respiratory system is represented by the ramifying 

 tracheal tubes. They open to the exterior by the lateral 

 spiracles, which can be completely closed. In connection 



