EUCALYFTUS LEUCOXTLO^^ 



ascertained, that the Ironhark-tree bears among the Grippsland aboriginal tribes the name of 

 " Yerrick." The nectar-juice of the flowers very much attracts bees. 



The vascular tubes of the wood are irregularly dispersed and contain some cellular substances ; 

 their waUs are dotted. The parenchymatous cells are scanty and near the tubes ; the woody fibres 

 are also dotted and in transverse section circular with an exceedingly narrowed hollowness ; the 

 medullary rays are disposed in simple or double or rarely triple rows of elongated cells with 

 extremely thin walls. This accords with observations first instituted by Dr. J. M5Uer. The 

 timber is of great hardness, durability and extraordinary strength, not usually fissUe ; it varies 

 in color from a pale hue to light shades of reddish-brown. It is used for wheel-work, particularly 

 cogs, also shafts, poles, railway-sleepers, the stocks of rudders, treenails and topsides in ship- 

 building, also extensively for lining the shafts of mines, further for various implements, which 

 need a tough wood, such as axe-handles, &c. The specific gravity of air-dried wood varies from 

 1-140 to 1-024, equal to from 71-63^ lbs. of weight for a cubic foot, but still more variable 

 according to the age and the situation of the tree yieldiag the timber, yet always heavier than 

 water. Builders call it close- and straight-grained and slightly greasy. In my laboratory the 

 wood yielded 28 per cent, of superior charcoal, 45 per cent, of crude wood-vinegar and 6 per cent, 

 of tar, which products are of course also obtainable from every other kind of Eucalyptus, as well 

 as from any other timber, though in somewhat variable quantity and quality. I have long since 

 shown that packing-paper can be prepared from the inner layers of the bark, like from all 

 congeners. The yield of volatile oil from the leaves exceeds as a rule slightly 1 per cent. Our 

 Ironbark-tree is comparatively rich in Kino, valuable as a therapeutic astringent, as much as 22 

 per cent, having been obtained from fresh bark in my laboratory ; the tannic acid of Eucalyptus 

 Kino is however not equal to that of the Oak and Acacia- Wattles in tan-power, but can be used 

 as subsidiary in tanning process, when light-colored leather is not an object. This Kino from our 

 Ironbark-tree is easily soluble in water, of slightly acid reaction, becomes turbid but clear again 

 on heating. 



Some of the above notes on the timber are taken from the jurors' reports of our Industrial 

 Exhibition of 1862, which recently have also been utilized again for a publication of the Technologic 

 Museum of Melbourne. 



Explanation or Analytic Details. — 1, various sizes of tmexpanded calyces ; 2, longitudinal section of ' 

 flowerbud ; 3, sterile and fertile stamens ; 4 and 5, front- and back-view of fertUe stamens ; 6, a sterile stamen ; 

 7, style and stigma ; 8, fruits of various size ; 9, longitudinal section of fruit ; 10, transverse section of fruit ; 11, 

 sterile seeds ; 12, fertile seeds ; 13, embryo ; 14, transverse section of wood ; 15, a separate vascular tube and next 

 to it an isolated woody fibre; 16, parencbymatous particles. 1 and 8 natural size; 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10 somewhat 

 enlarged ; 4. o, 11, 12, 13 much enlarged ; 14 to 17 magnified 220 times diametrically. 



