MODIFICATIONS OF FORM 



I8i 



straggling are produced from other parts. The cUmbing Rattan Palms of the 

 genus Calamus bear them on the concave side of the whip-like leaf-apices, 

 or of the axillarj' buds ; for it is sometimes the one, sometimes the other, 

 which servres in this genus as the climbing organ (iv.) In the Jujube 

 [Zizyphus) there are woody stipules to the leaves which are borne by the 

 cur\'ed, whip-like branches. Of these stipules the one that is downwardly- 

 directed of each pair is sharply reflexed, while the other points fonvards 

 (ii.). A parallel is seen in Sageyetia, but in this case it is the axillary buds 

 that are effective, for the lower of each pair forms a recurved hook, 



Fig. 134. 

 Various woody stragglers coUected in Ceylon, sinewing various parts reflexed for 

 support, (i.) axiUary shoots of .Sa^£r£ija ; (ii.) stipules of Z(cy^//i(S ; (iii.) prickles 

 of LanUina ; (iv.) prickles of Calamus ; (v. vi.) axillary branched shoots of Carissa ; 

 (\di.) reflexed pinnae of DesmoncJius. 



while the upper develops upwards as a leafy shoot. The mechanical effect 

 is exactly the same as in the Jujube, but the parts used are different (i.). 

 In the Palm Desmonchus, it is the distal pinnae that are reflexed, and act 

 almost hke the flukes of a patent anchor (vii.). A very similar mechanical 

 effect is shown by the reflexed axillar}' branches of Carissa (v. ^'i.). Such 

 examples illustrate in what varied ways stragghng may be made an efl■ecti^'e 

 method of support. The)' involve such diverse parts as emergences, stipules, 

 pinnae, and axillary branches. In fact any part of the shoot-system may be 

 used. The instances come from most diverse famihes of Dicotyledons and 

 JMonocotyledons. 



