S6o 



BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



Fritillaria, 21 (Fig. 12), 495. 



Fruit, the whole pistil or gynoecium 

 when matured, 252, 284. 



FruUania, structure of leaves of, 366 

 (Fig 310). 



Fuchsia, epigynous flower of, 238 

 (Fig. 187), 



Fucosan, 379. 



Fucus, bilateral symmetry in, 172 ; 

 external characters of, 377, 378 

 (Fig. 316) ; structure of, 379 

 (Figs. 318, 319) ; sexual organs of, 

 382 (Figs. 324, 325) ; fertilisation 

 of. 385 > young plants of, 386 

 (Fig. 326) ; gametes of, 462 : 

 absence of alternation in, 482 



Funaria, habitat of, 355 ; gemmae of, 

 359 ; sexual organs of, 360 (Figs 



303. 304)- 



Fundamental number, that number 

 of parts in the flower which rules 

 in the construction, so that flowers 

 appear tii-merous, tetra-merous, 

 etc., 231. 



Fungal attack, 406 (Fig. 342). 



Fungi, those Thallophytes which are 

 without green chlorophyll, 3, 372 ; 

 irregular nutrition of, 188 ; intro- 

 ductory, 402 ; earl}' occurrence of, 

 403 ; subaerial adaptations of, 454 ; 

 non-septate, 403, 412, 413 ; sep- 

 tate, 403, 412, 429. 



Fungi imperfecti, those of which the 

 knowledge of the life-cycle is 

 incomplete, 409, 410. 



Fungivorous habit, where a plant is 

 able by digestion to absorb the 

 substances of a fungus into itself ; 

 parallel with the carnivorous habit, 

 203. 



Funiculus, the stalk of an ovule, 258 

 (Fig. 206). 



Funkia, sporophytic budding in ovule, 



477- 

 Fusion of parts, of flower, 231 ; 



development of, 232. 

 Fusion-nucleus, the central nucleus 



of the embryo-sac, which results 



from fusion of the two polar 



nuclei, 262 (Fig, 209). 



Oalanthus (Snowdrop), 495. 



(lalium, straggling habit of, 180 ; 



hooked fruits of, 292 (Fig. 238). 

 Ciamete, a sexual cell, 251, 263, 461 ; 



fertilisation by fusion of gametes, 



264 ; of Brown Seaweeds, 380 

 (Figs. 320-324) ; of Ulothrix, 392 

 (Fig. 330) ; of Siphonales, 396 

 (Fig. 335) ; non-motile of Conju- 

 gatae, 398 (Fig. 337) ; motile male 

 of Monoblepharis, 421 (Fig. 358) ; 

 two types of gamete produced 

 from one heterozygote. 475 ; pro- 

 tected in Land Plants, 490. 



Gametophyte, the sexual phase in the 

 life-history , of plants showing 

 alternation, 251, 263 ; in Flower- 

 ing Plants, 272 ; haploid, 480 : 

 its water-relation, 485 ; its struc- 

 tural advance, 485 ; its decadence, 

 486. 



Gametophytic budding, where the 

 gametophyte is reproduced by buds 

 or gemmae from a parent gameto- 

 phyte : in Ferns, 341 ; in Mosses, 

 359- 



Garlic, twisted leaves of, 59 ; qualities 

 of fibres of, 146 ; tetrad division in, 

 466 (Fig. 393). 



Gastrodia, saprophytism of, 203. 



Gemmae, of Mosses, 359 (Fig. 301). 



General purposes shoot, 489. 



General receptacle of Compositae, 

 536. 



Generative parthogenesis, where an ■ 

 embryo is formed without fertilisa- 

 tion, from a haploid egg, 478. 



Geotropism, response to stimulus of 

 gravity, 125; positive and negative, 

 125 (Fig. 87) ■ lateral, 182 (Fig. 



135). 

 Geraniaceae, 514. 

 Geraniales, 493, 514. 

 Geranium, sling fruit of, 288 (Fig. 



230) ; flower of, 514 (Fig. 420). 

 Germ, a young plant, or embryonic 



individual, 222 ; of Wheat, 544 ; 



analysis of, 546. 

 Germination, renewal of activity of 



the dormant seed or spore, 5, 7. 

 Geum, hooked fruit of, 292 (Fig. 238). 

 Gills, of Mushroom, 453. 

 Ginkgo, motile male gametes of, 324. 

 Girder-principle, of disposition of 



tissue, 148 (Fig. 106), 151 (Fig. 



108). 155, 156 (Fig. 113). 

 Gladiolus, 497. 

 Gloeocapsa, 456 (Fig. 389). 

 Gloriosa, climbing leaf-tip, 182. 

 Gloxinia, propagation by adventitious 



buds, 218 (Fig. 167). 

 G.lucose, I TO. 



