574 



BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



Scarlet-Runner, twining stem of, 182. 

 Sclioenus, construction of stem, 43, 44 



(Fig. 29), 153. 

 Scion, a bud or graft inserted on a 



stock, 21S. 

 Scirpus. mechanical structure of stem, 



153 (Fig. III). 

 Sclereids, stone-cells. 144 (Fig. 104). 

 Sclcrenchyma, hard mechanical tissue, 



143, 144 ; of sunflower, 146 (Fig. 



105) ; of Ferns, 329 (Fig. 269). 

 Sclerotic cells, with thick woody 



walls, 145 ; of Hakea, 66 (Fig. 50). 

 Sclerotia, hard storage-masses of 



fungal tissue, 405, 436 (Fig. 369). 

 Sclerotinia, varying virulence of, 



204 ; 406, 407. 

 Scots Pine (or Scotch Fir), ectotrophic 



mycorhiza of, 194, 195 ; characters 



of, 302 : Chap. XIX : niyc(jrhizic, 



304- 



Screw Pine, stem of. 313. 



Scrophularia, vascular strand of, 37 

 (Fig. 23), 39 (Fig. 24) ; abortion of 

 fifth stamen, 234-5 (Fig. 183) ; 

 flower of, 529 (Fig. 436). 



Scrophulariaceae, meiomery in, 235 

 (Figs. 183, 184) ; flower of, 529 

 (Figs. 436, 437) 



Scutellum, suctorial organ of grass- 

 embryo, 504 (Fig. 407). 



Seaweeds, red, 387 ; brown, 377. 



Season, biology of, 162. 



Secale (Rye), analysis (.if. 547 ; origin 



of, 



54,5. 



Secondary growth, by activity of 

 cambium, 4O, 49 (Fig. 36) ; of root. 

 So (Figs. 63, a b). 



Sedge (Carex), stems of. 159 (Fig. 120); 

 leaf-arrangement of, 171 ; flowers 

 of, 492, 502 (Fig. 405). 



Sedum, spiral arrangement of leaves, 

 170 (Fig. 128). 



Seed, the result of maturing of a 

 megasporangium or ovule, detached 

 at ripeness, having an embryo with- 

 in : 5, 222, 274, 486 ; structure of 

 283 ; dispersal of, 284, 287 

 rcductiijn in number of, 286 

 increase in number, 281 > ; of 

 Neottia, 202 (Fig. 154) ; winged 

 of Bignoniaceac, 290 (Fig. 235) 



Seed-coat, the covering of the seed 

 developed from tlic integuments, 

 6, 282 (Fig. 224) ; of Coniferae, 307. 



Seed-habit, origin and prevalence of, 

 486. 



Seed-leaves, the first leaves or Coty- 

 ledons formed on an embryo, 7. 



Seed-Plants, 2, 5. 



Segregation, theory of, 241. 



Segregation of chromosomes in tetrad- 

 division, 469 (Fig. 394, B) ; Men- 

 delian, 472 ; referable to the 

 development of the gametes, 475. 



Selagmella, 316-325 (Figs. 258-265) ; 

 heterospory in, 486. 



Semi-permeable membrane, 25, 86. 



Semolina, granules of endosperm of 

 wheat, sifted out in milling, 547. 



Senecio, chromoplasts in petal of, 

 244 (Fig. 190) ; flower of, 535. 



Sensitive filaments of Centaurea, 537 

 (Fig. 443). 



Sensitive plant (Mimosa), movements 

 of, 129 (Fig. 91). 



Sepals, the outermost series of floral 

 parts, constituting the calyx. 221 ; 

 structure of, 244. 



Septate structure, of plants, 141 

 (Fig. 100). 



Sequoia. Big Tree of California 

 (Frontispiece), p. 303. 



Seta, stalk of the capsule in Mosses, 

 362 (Figs. 296, 305). 



Sex, 461 (Chap, xxxi.) ; functions of, 

 464. 



Sex-difference, reflected back to 

 sporophyte, 491. 



Sexual-differentiation, in Al,gae. 401 ; 

 462. 463. 



Sexual fusion, 461, 4S0. 



Sexual organs, of Ferns, 341 (Figs. 

 283. 284. 283) ; of Mosses, 360 

 (Fi.gs. 303, 304 ) ; of Fucus, 3S4 

 (Figs. 324, 325) ; of Fungi, 409 

 (Fig. 344) : of Ascomycetes, 429. 



Sexual reproduction, its difference 

 from vegetative propagation. 212. 



Shelf Fungi, parasitism of, 404, 441, 

 45^ (Fig. 388). 



Shepherd's Purse (Capsella), curved 

 ovule of. 258. 270 (Fig. 218) ; 

 embryo of. 275 (Figs. 217. 218). 



Shoot, a morphological unit, made 

 up of a stem bearing lca\X's later- 

 ally, and in acropetal succession, 7 ; 

 shoot-system, 8 ; symmetry of, 167. 



Sibbaldia, floral diagram of. 232 

 (Fig. 182). 



Sicyos, tendril of, 183 (Fig. 130). 



Sie\e-])late, llu- perforated area of 

 wall of a sie\'e-tubc, 38. 42 (Figs. 

 26, 27). 



