576 



BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT 



Spore-sac, in Mosses, the part of the 

 capsule which originates, nourishes, 

 and directly invests the spores, 

 363 (Fig. 305), 364. 



Sporidia, the carpospores of Puccinia. 



Sporodinia, 425, 426. 



Sporogenous cells, which give rise to 

 pollen-grains or other spores : in 

 anther, 24S. 



Sporogonium, 353 (Fig. 296), 359, 

 367 (Fig. 312) ; structure of, 362 

 (Fig. 305) ; development of in 

 Moss, 363 (Fig. 306). 



Sporophylls, leaves bearing sporangia 

 of Ferns, 336. 



Sporophyte, of Bryophyta, 353, 359 ; 

 diploid, 480 ; rise of, 4S7 ; A'entila- 

 tion system of, 4S7. 



Sporophytic budding, formation of 

 vegetative buds on the sporo- 

 phyte, which form new sporoph^^tes, 



477- 



Spotted Orchis, 497 (Figs. 401, 402). 



Spruce, dorsiventral symmetry of 

 lateral branches, 172. 



Spur, 499 (Fig. 402). 



Spurge (Euphorbia), simple flowers 

 of, 169, 220, 222. 



Spurge, 515 (Fig. 422). 



Squill (or Wild Hyacinth), 492, 495. 



Squirting Cucumber, fruit of, 288. 



Stamens, the floral part bearing 

 pollen sacs or microsporangia : 

 collectively the stamens constitute 

 the androecium, 221 ; structure of, 

 245 (Figs. 191, 192, 193). 



Staminate, applied to flowers or 

 plants which bear stamens but not 

 carpels. 222 ; by abortion in 

 I-ychnis, 236 (Fig. 184). 



Staminode, an aborted stamen : in 

 Lychnis, 509 (Fig. 413), 529, 436. 



Standard Flour, 547. 



Starch grains, formed in photo-syn- 

 thesis, 100 (Fig. 72), 102 (Fig. 74) ; 

 first visible product of, 104 ; 

 storage of, no; conversion to 

 sugar by Diastase, in (Fig. 181) ; 

 transitory starch, 112 ; as recei\'crs 

 f»f tlie stimulus of .gravity, 123 : in 

 root-tip, 126 (Fig. 87 bis) ; in 

 Cotyledons of Grasses, 125 ; in 

 endodermis, 125. 



Steel, equalities of, 146. 



Stele, the aggregate of vascular 

 tissues in a stem or root, with or 

 without a pith, and limited ex- 



ternally by an endodermis, 34 



(Fig. 21), 36, 37; of root, 73 (Fig. 



55)- 

 Stem, apex of, 16, 17 (Figs. 7, 8), 



tissues of, 33 ; herbaceous, 35 ; 



aquatic and climbing, 40 ; of 



Rlonocotyledons, 43 ; woody, 46. 

 Stem-parasitism, as in Dodder, 188, 



190 (Fig. 141), 191 (Fig. 142). 

 Steiigmata, conical processes upon 



which conidia or spores are borne, 



433, 44^ (Fig. 374) ; of Puccinia, 



446 (Fig. 381). 

 Sterilisation, of an organic medium, 



458 ; theory of, 488. 

 Stigma, the receptive surface of the 



carpel, 252 (Figs. 199, 204), 255. 

 Stimulus, a cause of reaction, 8 ; 



convej'ance to a distance, 130. 

 Stipules, lateral appendages at base 



of leaf-stalk, prehensile of Smilax, 



183 ; of Lathyrus aphaca, 185 



(Fig. 139), 522. 

 Stomata, breathing pores through 



the epidermis, 38 (Fig. 24), 62 (Fig. 



45). 63 (Fig. 46) ; theirnumber, 63 ; 



their position, 65, 66 (Figs. 47, 50) ; 



control by, 90 ; turgor of, 91 ; 



water-stomata, 92. 

 Stomium, the point of rupture of a 



Fern sporangium, 340. 

 Stone-cells, with hard woody walls, 



144. 

 Stone-Crop, succulent leaves of, 63. 



96. 

 Storage, by woody stem, 57 ; in 



parenchyma, 108 ; in swollen parts, 



163 ; its importance in perennation, 



164-167 ; distension of tissues for, 



163. 

 Storage materials, loS. 

 Straggling, methods of, 180, iSi 



(Fig. 134)- 

 Strawberry, runner of, 213 (Fig. 100) ; 



flower of, 51S, 520 (Fig. 427) ; 



analysis of, 544. 

 Strobilus, or flower, 4S9 ; of ,A.rche- 



goniatae, 317. 

 Strut-roots, of Maize, mechanical 



structure of, 159 (Fig. 121). 

 Style, an elongated region often 



intervening between the ovary 



and the stigma, 252 (Fig. 199) ; 



proportionate length of, 257. 

 Suberiscd walls, of corky character, 



28. 

 Substituted sexuality, 478. 



