154 



MICRO-ORGANISMS AND DISEASE [chap. 



12. The pnevmocoaus or diplococcus fnewnonim of 

 Fraenkel and Weichselbaum. The principal morphological 

 character of this microbe is that it occurs chiefly as dumb- 

 bells or short chains of dumb-bells of cocci ; the dumb-bells 

 are invested in a gelatinous capsule easily stained when 

 obtained directly from animal tissues. It occurs occa- 



FlG. 37- — Film Specimen of Bronchial Sputum from a cask of Acute 

 Influenza, showing Capsulated Biplococcus Pneumoni.c 



sionally, but sparingly, also in normal bronchial expecto- 

 ration ; in the fluid of the mouth and nose (rarely) ; in 

 the rusty sputum and the fluid of the lung in the acute stage 

 (red hepatisation) of croupous pneumonia (large percentage 

 of cases) ; in the peritoneal exudation in some cases of peri- 

 tonitis ; in the pericardial and pleural effusions in acute 

 pericarditis and pleurisy; in the effusion in cerebro-spinal 

 meningitis; in the purulent matter in inflammation of the 



