220 MICRO-ORGANISMS AND DISEASE [CHAI>. 



atrio-ventricular valves, and also these latter, show patchy 

 and punctiform hsemorrhages ; the liver is congested and 

 occasionally shows dark -red patches due to haemorrhage ; 

 the spleen is enlarged and dark ; the colon and c^cum, 

 particularly the former, contain punctifomi hemorrhages ; 

 in most cases they contain prominent round or oval, 

 isolated, and in severe cases more or less confluent, ulcers 

 (necrosis), showing an infiltrated base, and are stained 

 greenish-black by altered bile-pigment ; between a few small 

 round ulcers near the ileocsecal valve to very numerous 

 extensive long ulcerations, comprising occasionally exten- 

 sive areas of the mucous membrane of the csecum and colon, 

 all intermediate stages can be noticed. {See Klein, in the 

 Report of the Med. Off. of the Loc. Gov. Board for 1878.) 

 In the stomach occasionally hcEmorrhagic patches can be 

 seen. The lymph glands along the bronchi, the mesenteric 

 and pelvic glands, are swollen, juicy, dark red, in part or 

 wholly, and contain haemorrhage. The peritoneum is in- 

 flamed, and on its surface are clumps of solid lymph com- 

 posed of leucocytes. Owing to the lungs and intestines 

 being found constantly affected, the disease has been desig- 

 nated by me pneumo-enteritis ; but in Germany (Schiitz) 

 and in America (Salmon) it is asserted that the above dis- 

 ease is really two : one a disease of the lung, the other of 

 the intestine ; but from experiments made on a large scale 

 with diseased lung and with diseased intestine, and from 

 the post-mortem appearances in well-defined localised out- 

 breaks that I have made, I am of opinion that this division 

 cannot be maintained, but that the swine fever in this 

 country is one single disease, viz. pneumo-enteritis. Micro- 

 scopic examination of the lung and intestine shows that the 

 disease really commences with congestion, stasis, and haemor- 

 rhage, leading to infiltration and necrosis of the affected parts. 



