246 MICRO-ORGANISMS AND DISEASE [chap. 



right through a short relapse, failed to yield typhoid 

 bacillus in the urine. By the thirty-ninth day, when the 

 temperature had become almost normal again, the urine 

 yielded abundance of typhoid bacilli, in fact the urine 

 was quite turbid, being a pure culture of the typhoid 

 bacillus, and, strange to say, this condition, viz. abundance 

 of typhoid baciUi in the urine, continued until twenty-two 

 days after the temperature had again been normal. 



There is then in these observations no confirmation to 

 be found of Wright and Semple's contention as to the 

 early excretion of the typhoid bacillus, on the contrary they 

 show that, as had been hitherto accepted, the general dis- 

 charge of the typhoid bacillus from the system by the 

 kidney is an occurrence belonging to the later stages and 

 cannot therefore be taken as indicating that the typhoid 

 bacillus is circulating in the blood in the early stages, or 

 that therefore typhoid fever is a blood disease, a true 

 infection like anthrax or septicaemia. 



^Vith regard to the effect of subcutaneous or intraperi- 

 toneal injection of large doses of living or sterilised culture 

 no differentiation can be made between the typhoid 

 bacillus and the bacillus coli, they both — in common with 

 other species, e.g. bacillus prodigiosus — act in. the same 

 manner ; recent gelatine cultures of either act more viru- 

 lently on the mouse and guinea-pig injected subcutaneously 

 than broth or Agarculture, producing in sufficiently large 

 doses acute septicsemic infection. Smaller doses produce 

 only a transitory swelling, which, however, may lead to 

 local sloughing and necrosis of the skin. 



The immunisation by injection of living culture of the 

 typhoid bacillus and the specific action of blood-serum 

 of immunised animals we shall have an opportunity to 

 discuss in a later chapter. 



