xiii] MICROBES OF MALIGNANT ANTHRAX 297 



cases this necrotic change extends over the whole of the 

 pharynx into the larynx, and even the trachea ; in still other 

 cases it starts in the larynx and invades this and the trachea 

 — croup. In some cases a similar inflammation and the 

 formation of diphtheritic membranes are observed in the 

 stomach, in the intestines, in the urinary organs, and inde- 

 pendently and primarily on wounds. In addition is to 



Fig. iiq. — Film Specimen from the Superficial Layers of the Diphtheritic 

 Membrane, showing the Diphtheria Bacilli in pure Culture. 



be mentioned myocarditis diphtheritica. The microscopic 

 character of typical or membranous diphtheria is generally 

 this, that the mucous membrane is the seat of a severe in- 

 flammation and necrosis : engorgement of, and extravasation 

 from, the superficial capillaries and veins, with stasis of 

 blood in them, and swelling due to infiltration of the 

 mucosa with fibrine and round cells ; the epithelium as 



