XVIII] MOULD-FUNGI 495 



sprouting parts and conidia-bearing ends, the threads as 

 analogous to the mycehum of a mould-like fungus (Bollinger, 

 Israel, and others) is the view which stands better in 

 harmony, I think, with the actual facts than the view that 

 the ray fungus belongs to a species of cladothrix (Bostrom, 

 Paltauf, Afanassiew). Israel has shown that the ray fungus 

 can be artificially cultivated, but Bostrom was the first to 

 have succeeded in artificially producing good cultures of 

 this fungus. On blood-serum, on Agar at 33-37° C, the 

 fungus forms whitish granules, which rapidly enlarge ; they 

 show a yellow or reddish, round, knobbed centre, from 

 which start fluffy nebulous branched masses. After five to 

 six days the growth has reached its height. The presence 

 under the microscope of the mycelial branched threads and 

 of the clubs was established in these cultures. Paltauf and 

 Afanassiew have confirmed these observations. 



O. Bujwid has cultivated the actinomyces fungus 

 anaerobically {Centralbl. f. Bakt. u. Parasit., vol. vi. p. 630) 

 and succeeded in obtaining an actively growing mycelium 

 and clubs. 



Actinomyces " granules " planted in the depth of glycerin- 

 bouillon at 37° C. grow well, the yellowish granules in- 

 crease in size and number and from their margin a fine 

 mycelium is seen to project. On the slanting surface of 

 grape-sugar gelatine actinomyces (taken from a previous 

 culture) grows well at 20° C, the tube having been sealed 

 up after inoculation ; it forms at first minute whitish-yellow 

 dots which gradually — in the course of a few weeks — enlarge 

 to yellow or yellow pink, dry, firm, tough patches and warts 

 which by enlarging coalesce so as to form a coherent, un- 

 even, knobby membranous expansion, the gelatine gradually 

 liquefies and the growth sinks in, and after liquefaction has 

 extended to the deep layers the growth falls to the bottom of 



