XIX] PROTOZOA CAUSING DISEASE 525 



staining differently from the former. Such occur in many 

 epithelial and other cells — as paranuclei — both in 

 normal and in pathological conditions. These secondary 

 " nuclei " are probably derivatives of the chemically changed 

 chromatin substance of the original nucleus. 



All that, therefore, remains and cannot be placed to the 

 account of either epithelial cells or their nuclei, or of 

 leucocytes, are the large pedunculated protoplasmic bodies 

 with a nucleated knobbed enlargement, contained within 

 epithelial cells, that were first seen and described by 

 Korotneff, as rhophalocephalus carcinomatosus. These 

 seem to me to be large amoebffi-like bodies, which, by 

 reproduction, bring forth small nucleated protoplasmic 

 amoebae, generally also contained within epithelial cells. 

 These small amoebic offsprings, just like the parent amoeba, 

 are conspicuous by their staining, and by their apparent 

 direct connection with the pedunculated large amoebae. 

 Whether many of the nucleated cells enclosed within the 

 epithelial cells of cancer, seen and described by other 

 observers (Soudakewitsch, Ruffer, and others) as con- 

 spicuous by their staining, are or are not the young amoebae 

 in question, cannot be easily determined. 



Lastly, it has to be mentioned that the above pedun- 

 culated amoeba have been found by myself in one case 

 only, that of cancer of the oesophagus ; I could not find 

 them in many other cancers. Korotneff, however, asserts 

 that he has found them in a variety of cancers. It is 

 quite possible that this condition, viz., that of the pedun- 

 culated form, may be more difficult to meet with, or may 

 be more rare ; the form of smaller, rapidly dividing amoebae 

 being more frequent. But at all events even these latter 

 forms are in many cancerous epithelial growths only 

 sparingly to be met with ; in some I have missed them 



