n] Papaveracex 17 



appearing to sleep wJiile standing, remaining motionless, and if forced 

 to move walking in an unsteady manner. Finally, the animal falls, 

 and if a fatal result is likely (which is imusual) it remains stretched on 

 the ground ; respiration becomes slower, the temperature falls, and after 

 a few convulsive movements death occurs owing to asphyxia. 



MiiUer notes excitement, wildness of look, dilatation of pupil, con- 

 vulsions; then coma, loss of sensation and symptoms of depression 

 replace those of excitement. There is saUvation, bloating, constipation, 

 and in many cases also bloody diarrhoea. Death, however, is rare. 



Pott gives stupidity, retention of urine, coUc, with sickness and 

 diarrhoea, convulsions, and epileptic symptoms, the animals falling 

 over and rolling. 



REFERENCES. 

 4, 16, 63, 128, 190, 205, 213, 262. 



Greater Celandine {Chelidonium majus L.). This common plant 

 exhales an unpleasant odour, and when bruised or broken shows the 

 presence of a yellowish acrid juice, which becomes red immediately on 

 exposure to the air. It is an old medicinal drug plant, but is dangerous, 

 being emetic and purgative, with a strongly irritating efEect on the 

 digestive tract. Animals are but rarely likely to take it, and no record 

 of the death of domesticated animals has been found. 



Toxic Principle. Among the substances contained in the Greater 

 Celandine may be mentioned the bitter alkaloid Chelidomne (CaoH^jNOg 

 + HgO), which, especially occurring in the root, does not appear to be 

 poisonous, or is of feeble activity ; the alkaloid Chelerythrine (C21H17NO4), 

 which is poisonous; and Protopine (C20H19NO5). It is stated by 

 Comevin that the toxic substance is not removed on drying, but Pott 

 (1907) remarks that the dried plant is harmless to animals, the poisonous 

 alkaloid being volatile and disappearing on drying. 



Symptoms. The action of this plant is acrid, irritant and narcotic, 

 emetic and purgative. Esser remarks that when Chelerythrine is intro- 

 duced on the nasal mucous membrane it causes violent sneezing, and 

 taken internally causes vomiting. Miiller says that poisoning of 

 domesticated animals is not recorded, but that according to old accounts 

 500 grammes (about 1 lb.) of the fresh plant eaten by the horse will at 

 most cause slight diabetes. 



REFERENCES. 

 16, 63, 81, 128, 141, 190, 203, 205, 213. 



