m] PapilionacesB 29 



is paralysis of the hind limbs, dyspnoea and roaring — with paralysis of 

 the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and transverse myelitis. The horse 

 thus shows weakness of the hind quarters, staggering in the efEort to 

 stand, difficulty in breathing, abnormally fast and irregular pulse, open 

 mouth, distended nostrils. Tracheotomy often gives almost immediate 

 reUef. 



Lander mentions in cart horses grinding of teeth, and convulsive 

 movements of the eyes, recalling epilepsy. In one outbreak there was 

 thick wind, staggering gait, weakness of hind quarters, and general 

 signs of intoxication ; and sudden violent attacks of laryngeal paralysis 

 and dyspnoea during which there was palpitation, frothing, tongue 

 protruded, eyes staring, bluish tint of buccal membranes, and palpita- 

 tion. Paroxysms sometimes proved fatal. 



An attack among 125 lambs is mentioned by Comevin. The lambs 

 could not stand on their fore legs and were obhged to go down on their 

 knees. On setting them up again, they were only able to keep up while 

 motionless or moving slowly. There was loss of sensibility in the front 

 members. In spite of this the eye was alert, they were attentive to 

 everything that went on around them, and were easily frightened. 



In pigs paralysis of posterior members has been observed. 



In cattle there was staggering, blindness, and stifEness of the lower 

 joints. In sheej) and pigs there was also paralysis of the hind limbs. 



REFERENCES. 

 63, 82, 137, 170, 179, 190, 203, 205. 



Yellow Vetchling {iMhyrus Aphaca L.). To what extent this 

 vetclding is poisonous to stock is not clearly known, but it is cultivated 

 in India as a fodder for cattle. The seeds, however, are not altogether 

 safe when ripe, and MacDougaU says "The seeds and pods have been 

 known to be used in soup in their yoimg state and without harm resulting, 

 but the ripe seeds are narcotic and cause sickness and headache." 



Lupines (Lupinus sp.). Different species of Lupinus have been 

 found to cause poisoning of live stock, more particularly sheep, which, 

 when fed largely on lupines, develop a chronic type of poisoning known 

 as Lupinosis, or poisoning may be acute and rapid in its effects, as in the 

 United States. Records of large numbers of sheep being affected at 

 a time date from 1872, in various parts of the German empire. In 

 Europe by far the most harmful species is the Yellow Lupine {L. hiteus), 

 which has been the cause of heavy losses of sheep, though horses, cattle 

 and goats may also be affected. The Blue Lupine (i. angustifolius) 



