2 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



glands in the hind-feet may be present, and in the Virginian 

 deer there are also interdigital glands in the fore-feet. 



In the Old World the range extends from the neighbour- 

 hood of the Arctic Circle southwards to the Mediterranean 

 islands, the extreme north-west of Africa, the Malay Archi- 

 pelago, and the Philippines : in the New World it includes 

 the entire mainland of North and South America. The precise 

 eastern limits of the family in the Anstro-Malay area cannot 



Pig. 1. — Lower Pbont Teeth oe Elk {Alces alces). 

 From Miller, Cat. Manrni: Western Europe, 



be defined, owing to the transportation by the Malays of 

 species from one island to another. 



The family is divisible into the two following subfamily 

 groups : — 



A. Liver with a gall-bladder ; a caudal gland in male ; no 



faoe-glands, foot-glands, or antlers MoschiruB. 



B. Liver without a gall-bladder ; no caudal gland ; face- 



glands,* foot-glands,t at least in hind-limbs, and 



antlers t usually present Cervina. 



* Wanting in Capreolus. 



t Wanting in Pudu. 



X Wanting in Hydropotes, 



