CERVIDiE 9 



present ; * hemispheres of brain with numerous convo- 

 lutions ; antlers present, except in Hydropotes ; foot-glands 

 usually present ; f no caudal or preputial glands. 



The following is a "key," mainly based on external 

 characters, to genera here recognised : — 



A. Antlers absent in females ; muzzle with at least 

 a small bare muiHe. 



a. Upper canines tusk-like in males. 



a'. Antlers wanting ; navioulo-cuboid and cunei- 

 form bones of tarsus separate Hydropotes. 



V. Antlers present, surmounting long pedicles 

 and relatively small; naviculo-ouboid and 

 cuneiform bones of tarsus united. 

 a?. Antler-pedicles continued downwards as 



prominent converging frontal ridges Muniiacus. 



v. Antler-pedicles divergent, not continued 



downwards as prominent frontal ridges Elapliodus. 



b. Upper canines, when present, not tusk-like. 



&'. Lateral metacarpals represented by their upper 



extremities.f 



6^. Antlers with a simple basal or sub-basal 



brow-tine, and at least two other tines ; 



tail short or medium. 



6^. Antlers markedly palmate ; upper canines 



wanting ; hoofs of hind-feet united only 



at "heels"§ by a close fold of skin Dama. 



c^. Antlers not markedly palmate ; upper 

 canines generally present || ; hind-hoofs 

 united nearly throughout their basal 



depth by a deep tnterungual web Cervns . 



c'. Antlers not forking till some distance above 

 base, and the front tine again forked ; tail 



long Elajjh urns. 



c^ . Lateral metacarpals represented by their lower 

 extremities, 

 c^. Vomer not dividing posterior aperture of 

 nostrils into two chambers, 

 c'. Antlers diverging at an angle of about 40° 

 to mid frontal suture, 3-tined ; face-glands 

 wanting ; muzzle normal ; tail rudi- 

 mentary Capreohis. 



d". Antlers diverging nearly at right angles 

 to m:id frontal suture ; many fined and 

 often palmate ; face-glands present ; 

 muzzle pendulous, with very small bare 

 muffle; tail short Alces. 



* Wanting in Capreolus and one species of Pudu. 



t Wanting in Pudu. 



% Occasionally wanting. 



§ See vol. i, p. 172. 



II Wanting in subgenus Hyelaphus, and occasionally A.ris. 



