218 CATALOGUE OF UNGULATES 



XII. Genus CAPREOLUS. 



Capreolus, Oray, Med. Bepos. vol. xv, p. 307, 1821 ; H. Smith, 



Griffith's Animal Kingdom,, vol. v, p. 313, 1827 ; BrooJce, Proc. 



Zool. 8oc. 1878, p. 917 ; JRiitimeyer, Ahh. schweiz. pal. Ges. 



vol. viii, p. 41, 1881 ; Lydehker, Beer of All Lands, p. 223, 1898; 



Pococh, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1910, p. 957; Miller, Cat. Mamm. 



West. Europe, p. 972, 1912. 

 Caprea, Ogilhy, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1886, p. 135. 



Lateral metacarpals as in Odocoikus ; vomer not dividing 

 aperture of posterior nares ; a pouch-like gland opening by a 

 narrow orifice on front of hind-pasterns ; antlers comparatively 

 small, rising close together and almost vertically from the 

 crown of the head, with the beam dichotomously forking at a 

 point about two-thirds of the total length, and the posterior, 

 or upper prong of this fork, which is the larger, again 

 dividing, the normal number of tines being three ; muzzle 

 with a large naked portion, extending between the nostrils, 

 the upper border of which is straight, while the part below 

 the nostrils is narrow ; ears large ; tail rudimentary ; face 

 short, with the muzzle blunt ; coat uniformly coloured, 

 typically with a white patch in the region of the tail in 

 winter ; a metatarsal gland on the upper half of the meta- 

 tarsus ; lachrymal pits small and shallow and the face-glands 

 obsolete ; lateral hoofs well developed ; upper canines usually 

 wanting ; upper molars tall-crowned, without a distinct 

 additional column on inner side. Young spotted. Size 

 medium or rather small ; build tall. On the under surface 

 of the skull the auditory buUfe are not markedly inflated, 

 and the unossified vacuities near the lachrymal-pits form 

 narrow slits. 



The range includes Central and Southern Europe from 

 Great Britain and Scandinavia eastwards, and thence across 

 Asia north of the Himalaya to the Pacific coast. 



The species are distinguishable by the following 

 characters : — 



A. Size smaller ; ears narrow, pointed, and thinly 

 haired ; antlers moderately thick and rugose. 

 a. Size smaller ; summer and winter coats markedly 

 different in colour ; dark moustache-marks on 

 lips ; ears red or grey externally ; teeth short- 

 crowned 0. capreolus. 



