IN EXTRA-TBOPICAL COUNTRIES. 161 



grows sometimes 90 feet high, and furnishes a valuable red 

 durable wood, used for boat-building, furniture, and particu- 

 larly for pencils, on account of its pleasant odour and special 

 fitness. Many of the plants called Thuya or Biotia Meldensis 

 in gardens belong to this species. 



Juniperus brevifolia, Antoine. 



In the Azores up to 4,800 feet ; a nice tree with sometimes 

 silvery foliage. 



Juniperus Cedrus, Webb, 



A tall tree of the higher mountains of the Canary Islands. 



Juniperus Chinensis, Linne. 



In temperate regions of the Himalaya up to an altitude of 

 15,000 feet, also in China and Japan. This tree is known to 

 rise to ,75 feet, exceptionally even to 100 feet, with a girth of 

 stem of 13 feet ; it is of rapid growth, furnishing a reddish, soft, 

 and fine-grained wood, suitable for pencils (Hoopes) . Probably 

 identical with it is the Himalayan Pencil Cedar (Juniperus reli- 

 giosa, Royle). The timber of some other tall Junipers needs 

 tests. 



Juniperus communis, Linne. 



Colder parts of Europe, Asia, North Africa, and North 

 America, ascending the European Alps to 8,000 feet, the 

 Indian mountains to 14,000 feet. One of the three native 

 Coniferse of Britain, attaining under favourable circumstance 

 a height of nearly 50 feet. The berries are of medicinal value, 

 also used in the preparation of gin. Important for fuel in 

 the coldest regions. Will grow on almost pure sand. 



Juniperus drupacea, Labillardi^re. 



Plum Juniper. A very handsome, long-leaved juniper, the 

 Habhel of Syria. It attains a height of 30 feet, and produces 

 a sweet edible fruit, highly esteemed throughout the Orient. 



Juniperus excelsa, Bieberstein. 



In Asia Minor, 2,000 to 6,000 feet above the sea-level. Ex- 

 tends to the Himalayas, where its range of elevation is from 

 5 000 to 14,000 feet. A stately tree, 60 feet high. Trunk 

 short but of great girth, over 20 feet circumference being 

 known (Stewart and Brandis). 



