234 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



not too young, an exceptional temperature of 118° F. in the 

 shade (W. J. Winter). 



Pinus Cembra, Linne. 



On the European Alps, also in Siberia and Tartary. Less 

 hardy than P. Laricio, although from the higher Alps. The 

 tree attains a height of 120 feet, the stem upwards of 4 

 feet in diameter ; the wood is of a yellow colour, very soft 

 and resinous, of an extremely fine texture, and is extensively 

 used for carving and cabinet work. The seeds are edible, 

 and when pressed yield a great quantity of oil. A good tur- 

 pentine is also obtained from this Pine. 



Finus cembroides, Zuccarini. (P. Laveana, Schiede and Deppe.) 



Mexican Swamp Pine. A small tree, 30 feet high, grow- 

 ing at an elevation of 8,000 to 10,000 feet. The timber is not 

 of much use, but the seeds are edible and have a very agree- 

 able taste. 



PinilS Cilicica, Antoine and Kotschy. 



Cilician Silver Fir. Asia Minor. 4,000 to 6,500 feet above 

 sea-level. A handsome tree of pyramidal growth, 160 feet 

 high. Quite hardy in climes like that of Vienna. The 

 wood is very soft and used extensively for the roofs of houses, 

 as it does not warp. 



Pinus concolor, Engelmann. ^ 



North-West America, at elevations of 8,000 to 9,000 feet. 

 Tree only 50 feet high. The wood is tough, eligible for 

 building purposes and other substantial work (Vasey). 



Pinus contorta, Douglas. (P. Bolandri, Parlatore.) 



On high damp ranges in California, attaining 50 feet in 

 height, also abundant on the mountains of Colorado, and very 

 eligible for clothing rocky hill-sides (Meehan) . In California 

 it forms dense thickets along the coast, and is in this respect 

 as valuable as P. Laricio, P. Pinaster, and P. Haleppensis in 

 Europe, as a shelter-tree in stormy localities. Dr. Gibbons 

 remarks of this pine, which vernacularly is called Tamarak or 

 Hack-me-tack, that its size has generally been understated. 

 At the foot of the Sierra and on mountains 8,000 feet high he 

 saw great numbers of it, forming the most stately of forest 

 pines, not rarely attaining a height of 150 feet and 4 feet in 

 diameter. The timber is there considered the best and most 

 durable material for dams and for general building purposes. 



