IN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 235 



It furnishes sea-ports with piles and masts^ also, railway ties. 

 Its value is beyond calculation (Gibbons). 



Pinus Coulteri, D. Don. 



California, on the eastern slope of the coast range, at an ele- 

 vation of 3,000 to 4,000 feet. A Pine of quick growth, attain- 

 ing a height of about 100 feet, with a trunk up to 4 feet 

 in diameter ; it has the largest cones of all Pines, comparable 

 in size and form to sugar-loaves. The nuts are nutritious 

 (Vasey). 



Pinus densiflora, Siebold and Zuccarini. 



Japan, in the interior of Nipon, where it forms, along with 

 P. Massoniana, extensive forests at 1,000 to 2,000 feet above 

 sea-level. Attains an age of several centuries (Rein). The 

 timber is excellent for building. 



Pinus Douglasii, Sabine.* 



Oregon Pine, called also the Yellow Pine of Puget Sound, where 

 it yields the principal timber for export, and is therefore of 

 great commercial value in the lumber-trade. It extends from 

 Vancouver's Island and the Columbia River, through California 

 to Northern Mexico, from the coast up to the higher mountains 

 of 9,000 feet. The maximum height known is 400 feet, the 

 greatest diameter of the stem 14 feet. Can be grown very 

 closely, when the stems will attain, according to Drs. Kellogg 

 and Newberry, a height of over 200 feet without a branch. 

 The timber is fine and clear-grained, soft and easily worked, 

 firm and solid, splendid for masts and spars, ships' planks, and 

 piles. It will bear a tension of 3 to 1 as compared with the 

 Segorias, also for flooring, being for that purpose regarded as 

 the best of California (Bolander). It is the strongest wood on 

 the North Pacific coast, both in horizontal strain and perpen- 

 dicular pressure. Sub-Alpine localities should be extensively 

 planted with this famous tree. It requires deep and rich soil, 

 but likes shelter ; its growth is at the rate of the Larch ; it 

 passes in various localities as Black and Red Spruce. Both in 

 clayey and light soil it attains 50 feet in about eighteen 

 years ; it requires, however, a moist forest clime for rapid 

 growth. 



Pinus edulis, Engelmann. 



New Mexico. A tree, not tall, but very resinous. Wood 

 easily split. One of the best of fuel wood (Meehan). It 

 yields the " Pino " nuts, of exceedingly nice taste and produced 

 in immense quantities (Sargent). 



