IN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 285 



for attar distillation in Tunis. Pure attar, valued at 30 

 shillings per ounce, is produced in Roumelia to the amount of 

 £80,000 annually (Piesse). 



Rosa sempervirens, Linne. 



From South Europe through Southern Asia to Japan. One 

 of the best rose-bushes for covering walls, fences, and similar 

 stractuves. The flowers of this species also can be utilised 

 for rose oil. 



Rosa setigera, Michaux. 



North America, where it is the only climbing rose-bush. It 

 deserves introduction on account of its extremely rapid growth, 

 — 10 feet to 30 feet in a season. Its flowers, however, are 

 nearly inodorous. 

 Other original species of roses deserve our attention. Sir Joseph 

 Hooker admitting about thirty, all from the northern hemi- 

 sphere. But on the snow-clad unascended mountains of 

 Borneo, Sumatra, New Guinea, and Africa south of the 

 equator, perhaps new roses may yet be discovered, as they 

 have been traced south to Abyssinia already. 



Rosa spinosissima, Linne. 



Europe, North Africa, Middle and North Asia. Adapted 

 for holding coast-sands ; unapproachable to pasture animals, 

 and not spreading like the Sweet Briar, R. rubiginosa (L.), 

 into culture-land or pastures. 



Rosmarinus officinalis, Linne. 



The Rosemary. Countries ai'ound the Mediterranean Sea. 

 This well-known bush is mentioned here as a medicinal plant, 

 from .which a distilled oil is rather copiously obtainable. One 

 of our best plants for large garden-edgings. The oil enters 

 into certain compositions of perfumery. 



Royenia pseudebenus, E. Meyer. 



South Africa. Only a small tree, but its wood jet black, 

 hard, and durable; thus in Capeland and CafBraria called 

 ebony. R. pubescens (Willd.), according to Dr. Pappe, 

 furnishes there a wood adapted for xylography ; this may give 

 a clue to the adaptability of many other kinds of woods in the 

 large Order of Ebenacese as substitutes for the Turkish boxwood. 



Rubia COrdifolia, Linne. {B. Mungista, Roxburgh.) 



From the Indian highlands, through China and Siberia, to 



